Enzymes Flashcards
What are the role of enzymes in the cell?
They lower activation energy so they catalyst reactions
What are the roles of proteins based enzymes?
Stabilize the transition state
What is the role of RNA based enzymes?
To bind with a substrate and hold it in a way that allows the reaction to happen more efficiently
What is the role of the active site?
Bind substrates
What is the role of the allosteric site?
Allows molecules to either activate of inhibit, or turn off enzymes activity
Name 4 characteristics of enzymes
-specific
-can be saturated
-unchanged by the reaction
-work with a narrow range of optimal conditions
What does it mean when the substrate concentration is saturated?
It as reach is maximum velocity of the reaction
What is the role of NADH as a cofactor?
Helps transfer the energy to ATP by temporarily storing the H’s from the food molecules
What is a metabolism?
All chemicals reactions transpire inside the cells, including those who use and release energy
What is an anabolic pathway?
Small molecules assembles into a large one — energy is REQUIRED
What is a catabolic pathway?
Large molecules breakdown into small ones — energy is RELEASED
What are the main passive transport?
-Simple diffusion
-facilitated diffusion
-osmosis
What is a simple diffusion?
A substance that moves down its concentration gradient without requiring any energy from the cell
Those polar substances pass easily threw the membrane?
No
In diffusion when the equilibrium is reached?
When the concentration gradient is equal on both side of the membrane
What are the three main aspects of of diffusion?
-specific
-not saturated
-don’t use ATP
What are three factors that could effect diffusion?
-temperature
-concentration gradients
-solubility
What is facilitated diffusion?
It’s the action of moving material across the membrane with the help of membranes proteins
Facilitated diffusion goes to what concentration gradient
Moves DOWN concentration gradient
What are the three main aspect of the facilitated diffusion?
-can be saturated
-specific
-don’t use ATP
What are the role of channels proteins?
Create an opening gate so the substances can pass threw the membrane
What are aquaporins?
Channels proteins that allow water to pass through the membrane at a very high rate
What are the role of carrier proteins?
They change their own shape so it allows a SPECIFIC substance to pass
When all the proteins bounds what does it mean?
That it’s saturated so you have reached the maximum rate of transport
