Enzymes Flashcards
What are enzymes?
Biological catalyst, is a protein
What are substrates?
The substance on which an enzyme acts
competitive vs. non-competitive inhibition
Competitive inhibition is where the inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme to block the substrate. Non-competitive inhibition is where the inhibitor binds to a place on the enzyme other than the active site. This triggers induced fit, which changes the entire shape of the enzyme (including the active site) and makes it so the substrate can longer fit.
What does denature mean
It’s when the structures within an enzyme are broken down, changing the shape of the enzyme and making it unable to function.
What are the effects of temperature on enzymes?
Too high temperatures denature enzymes. The lower the temperature is, the less product is released. This is because colder temperatures slow down molecules, decrease the chance of collisions, and thus decrease the chances of the substrate binding to the enzymes.
How do you name enzymes?
With “-ase” endings, typically named after the substrate they act on
What is feedback inhibition?
When an end product binds to an enzyme, thus changing the shape and making the substrate unable to bind to it
What are the effects of pH levels on enzymes?
Too low pH means too many hydrogen ions and too much hydrogen bonding, which denatures the enzyme. Too high pH means too few hydrogen ions and too few hydrogen bonding, which denatures the enzyme.
