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Biomolecules Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the four types of biomolecules?

A

Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acid

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1
Q

Monomer of lipids

A

gylcerol, fatty acids

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2
Q

Monomer of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharide

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3
Q

monomer of proteins

A

amino acids

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4
Q

monomer of nucleic acid

A

nucleotides

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5
Q

How many different amino acids are there?

A

20

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6
Q

Elements in lipids

A

Carbon, hydrogen, a little bit of oxygen

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7
Q

Elements in carbohydrates

A

carbon, hydrogen, more oxygen than lipids

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8
Q

elements in nucleic acids

A

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus, nitrogen

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9
Q

elements in protein

A

carbon hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen

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10
Q

lipids polarity

A

non polar

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11
Q

carbohydrates polarity

A

polar

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12
Q

proteins polarity

A

polar

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13
Q

nucleic acids polarity

A

polar

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14
Q

kinds of lipids

A

triglycerides (fat), phospholipids, sterols

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15
Q

triglycerides (fat) function

A

stored energy, insulate, cushion organs

16
Q

phospholipids function

A

make up cell membranes, have one polar/hydrophilic head and two non-polar/hydrophobic tails, forms bilayer.

17
Q

Why does one of the phospholipid tails have a bend in it?

A

Because the tail with a kink has a double bond (unsaturated fatty acid) and the straight tail has saturated fatty acid

18
Q

sterols function

A

hormones (cholesterol)

19
Q

kinds of carbohydrates

A

simple sugars (monosaccharides, disaccharides), complex sugars (polysaccharides)

20
Q

kinds of monosaccharides

A

glucose, galactose, fructose

21
Q

kinds of disaccharides

A

sucrose, maltose

22
Q

kinds of polysaccharides and their functions

A

cellulose (plant cell wall), starch (plant energy storage), glycogen (animal energy storage), chitin (bug exoskeleton)

23
Q

Proteins functions

A

enzymes (biochemical catalysts, make and break monomer bonds), shape/structure (cytoskeleton), transport, antibodies, hormones

24
Q

Kinds of Nucleic Acids and their functions

A

DNA/RNA (genetics, making proteins) and ATP (energy molecule)

25
Q

What is dehydration synthesis?

A

Enzymes chemically link together monomers to make larger molecules. they do this by removing the H2O molecule.

26
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

Enzymes break bonds between monomers by jamming an H2O molecules between them.

27
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

Cells break down glucose to make ATPs

28
Q

Why is carbon the key element of life?

A

Carbon atoms are small, carbon has 4 valence electrons, so it can form 4 bonds with other elements and/or itself –> can form long chains/complex molecules

29
Q

Why are cells small?

A

A too small SA:volume ratio leads to a decreased rate of chemical exchange, which then kills the cell.

Bio (3 decks)

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