Enzymes Flashcards
What is the induced fit hypothesis?
The active site changes shape once the substrate approaches. Amino acids in the active site will form bonds with the substrate which allows it to mold around the substrate
What is the lock and key hypothesis?
The substrate and active site are perfectly complementary and fit together with no changes
Why does an increase of temperature increase the rate of reaction?
A higher temperature will increase the kinetic energy of both the enzyme and the substrate, this will cause more collisions so more substrate-enzyme complexes will form, increasing rate of reaction
What is a globular protein?
What is an intracellular enzyme?
An enzyme that functions inside the cell
eg. catalase
What is an extracellular enzyme?
An enzyme that is released from a cell and functions outside of a cell.
eg. amylase
What is a temperature coefficient?
Rate of reaction at (T + 10) / Rate of reaction at T
What is a cofactor?
A cofactor is a non-protein compound required for enzyme activity to occur. There are two examples; coenzymes and prosthetic groups. Inorganic cofactors help stabilise the structure.
What is a coenzyme?
Large organic cofactors are known as coenzymes. Coenzymes accept or donate hydrogen ions or chemical groups (etc phosphate groups)
What is a prosthetic group?
Examples of coenzymes functions:
- During respiration NAD and FAD are coenzymes which transfer hydrogen ions.
- During photosynthesis NADP transfers hydrogen ions in the chloroplast.
- Coenzymes ATP and Coenzyme A transfer chemical groups.
What is the role of coenzyme A?
The transfer of an acetyl group (CH3CO) from fatty acids and glucose during respiration.
