Enzymes Flashcards
Enzymes
Protiens that are involved in all metabolic reactions, where they function as biological catalysts
Catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of chemical reactions but isn’t changed by the reaction
Typical ending for enzyme names
-ase
Enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose
Amylase
Function of catalase
Breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, a harmful waste product of many metabolic reactions. Fastest known enzyme
Word equation for breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
hydrogen peroxide —(catalase)–> water + oxygen
active site
The part of an enzyme to which the substrate temporarily bonds
Substrate
The substance that causes an enzyme to react
Breakdown of starch steps
Starch (long coil) —> Maltose (two glucoses) —> Glucose (single unit)
The shape of an enzyme compared to the substrate
Complementary
Two factors that affect enzymes
pH and temperature
Temperature at which enzymes work fastest in humans
37 degrees celcius (body temp)
pH at which enzymes work fastest in humans (generally)
pH 7 (neutral, pH of blood)
Conditions at which enzymes work the fastest
Optimum
What does too high of a temperature do to an enzyme
Causes the enzyme to denature – the shape of the enzyme and substrate ar eno longer complementary
Pepsin (stomach) optimum pH
pH 2 (stomach is acidic, HCl)
What does too low of a temperature do to an enzyme
Enzyme becomes inactive
Fancy name for tweezers
Forceps
Buffer solution
a liquid that has a known and constant pH
Sucrose enzyme
Sucrase
Maltose enzyme
Maltase
Proteins enzyme
Protease
Carbohydrates enzymes
Carbohydrases
Lipids enzymes
Lipases
Why does the rate of reaction of an enzyme increase with temp until optimum?
More energy the particles have, the faster they move and more frequently the enzyme collides with the substrate giving them a chance to react. After optimum, enzymes denature.
At a low temperature, enzymes are…
inactive
NOT killed.
