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Biology 9 > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

Enzymes

A

Protiens that are involved in all metabolic reactions, where they function as biological catalysts

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2
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that increases the rate of chemical reactions but isn’t changed by the reaction

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3
Q

Typical ending for enzyme names

A

-ase

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4
Q

Enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose

A

Amylase

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5
Q

Function of catalase

A

Breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, a harmful waste product of many metabolic reactions. Fastest known enzyme

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6
Q

Word equation for breakdown of hydrogen peroxide

A

hydrogen peroxide —(catalase)–> water + oxygen

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7
Q

active site

A

The part of an enzyme to which the substrate temporarily bonds

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7
Q

Substrate

A

The substance that causes an enzyme to react

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7
Q
A
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7
Q

Breakdown of starch steps

A

Starch (long coil) —> Maltose (two glucoses) —> Glucose (single unit)

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8
Q

The shape of an enzyme compared to the substrate

A

Complementary

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8
Q

Two factors that affect enzymes

A

pH and temperature

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8
Q

Temperature at which enzymes work fastest in humans

A

37 degrees celcius (body temp)

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8
Q

pH at which enzymes work fastest in humans (generally)

A

pH 7 (neutral, pH of blood)

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8
Q

Conditions at which enzymes work the fastest

A

Optimum

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9
Q

What does too high of a temperature do to an enzyme

A

Causes the enzyme to denature – the shape of the enzyme and substrate ar eno longer complementary

9
Q

Pepsin (stomach) optimum pH

A

pH 2 (stomach is acidic, HCl)

9
Q

What does too low of a temperature do to an enzyme

A

Enzyme becomes inactive

10
Q

Fancy name for tweezers

A

Forceps

11
Q

Buffer solution

A

a liquid that has a known and constant pH

12
Q

Sucrose enzyme

A

Sucrase

13
Q

Maltose enzyme

A

Maltase

14
Q

Proteins enzyme

A

Protease

15
Q

Carbohydrates enzymes

A

Carbohydrases

16
Q

Lipids enzymes

A

Lipases

17
Q

Why does the rate of reaction of an enzyme increase with temp until optimum?

A

More energy the particles have, the faster they move and more frequently the enzyme collides with the substrate giving them a chance to react. After optimum, enzymes denature.

18
Q

At a low temperature, enzymes are…

A

inactive

NOT killed.

Biology 9 (8 decks)

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