Chapter 1 Flashcards
Organism
A living thing
Movement
An action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place
Respiration
The chemical reaction in cells that break down turn glucose and oxygen into water, carbon dioxide, and energy for metabolism
Metabolism
chemical reactions that take place in living organisms
Sensitivity
The ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment
Growth
A permanent increase in size and dry mass
ry
Name the five kingdoms
Plant, Animal, Fungus, Prokaryotic, Protoctist
Dry mass
The mass of an organism after it has been killed and all the water removed from it
R
Reproduction
The process that makes more of the same kind of organism
Excretion
The removal of waste products of metabolism and excess substances
Nutrition
The taking in of materials for energy, growth, and development
Species
A group of organisms that can produce fertile offspring
Fertile/infertile
Able to reproduce/not able to reproduce
Genus
A group of species that share similar features and a common ancestor
Organic substances
substances whose molecules contain carbon, and are made by living things
Chlorophyll
Green pigment that absorbs energy from light to perform photosynthesis. Found in chloroplasts.
Cellulose
A carbohydrate made up of fibers in a crisscrossing pattern, makes up the cell wall of plants
Hyphae
Microscopic filaments, made of cells linked in a long line, that make up the main body of a fungus
Decomposers
Organism that break down organic substances outside their bodies and release the nutrients for other organisms to use
Pinna
Flap on the ouside of the body that directs sound into the ear
Placenta
An organ that connects the growing fetus to its mother
Mammary glands
Organs which produce milk to feed young
Exoskeleton
Supportive structure on the outside of the body
Terrestrial
Living on land
Vestigial
Evolutionarily obsolete
Characteristics of an animal cell
Nucleus, no cell walls, no chloroplasts
Characteristics of a plant cell
Nucleus, cell wall made of cellulose, often contain chloroplasts
How do animals feed?
Organic substances (made by other living organisms)
How do plants feed?
Photosynthesis
How do fungi feed?
Saprophytically – They digest organic waste material and absorb it into their cells
Characteristics of fungus cells
Nucleus, non-cellulose cell walls, no chloroplasts
Decomposer
Organism that breaks down organic substances outside its body and releases the nutrients that other organisms use (ex, fungi return nutrients to soil)
Characteristics of protoctists
Nucleus, may or may not have cell walls and chloroplasts
Features of dicots
- flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5
- two cotyledons (seed leaves)
- vascular bundles arranged in a ring in stem
- main root with branching side roots
- network of veins in leaves
Characteristics of prokaryotic cells
No nucleus (instead a circular loop of DNA free in the cytoplasm), cell walls made of peptidoglycan, no mitochondria, often have plasmids
How do protoctists feed?
Some feed by photosynthesis, others by organic substances made by other organisms
Parts of an arachnid
Cephalothorax, abdomen
Parts of an insect
Head, thorax, abdomen
Features of monocots
- flower parts in multiples of 3
- one cotyledon
- vascular bundles arranged randomly in stem
- roots branch directly from stem of plant
- parallel veins in leaves
Characteristics of ferns
Roots, stems, fronds, no flowers, spores on the underside of fronds to reproduce
Features of viruses
RNA, protein coat, antigens
Virus infection sequence
Virus penetrates cell, releases genetic material, cell produces virus components, virus particles are assemnle, cell bursts, virus particles are relased, attach themselves to a new cell, the cycle repeats
