Enzymes

Question 1

State five general characteristics of an enzyme

Answer 1

1. It’s a catalyst
2. It’s specific
3. Protein in nature
4. Denatured by changes in temperature and ph
5. Rate of action affected by changes in temperature and ph
6. Can catalyse the reaction in both directions

Question 2

What’s a holoenzyme?

Answer 2

Apoenzyme+ co+factor

Question 3

What’s the difference between a coenzyme and a prosthetic group

Answer 3

A coenzyme is dialyzable, thermostable and weakly attached to the protein part.
A prosthetic group is dialyzable, thermostable and firmly attached to the protein part.

Question 4

State five roles of enzymes in living things

Answer 4

-Regulate metabolic reactions in a cell and the organism at large.
-Enzymes catalyse all metabolic reactions.
-They lower the activation energy needed to start a reaction.
-They activity of the cell is determined by which enzyme are active in the cell at that time.
-Cell activity is altered by removing specific enzymes and/or synthesize new enzymes.

Question 5

Name and explain the four types of specificity

Answer 5

Linkage specificity
Group specificity
Absolute specificity
Stereochemical specificity

Question 6

What are the two processes used to produce enzymes?

Answer 6

Submerged fermentation (SmF)
And
Solid state fermentation (SSF)

Question 7

Name the five steps of downstream processing

Answer 7

1. Removal of insolubles
2. Product isolation
3. Product purification
4. Product polishing
5. To the market

Question 8

Which fraction of the mixture in the fermentation chamber contains intracellular enzymes?

Answer 8

The cell fraction

Question 9

Name three solid liquid separation technically used after fermentation

Answer 9

Flocculation
Floatation
Filtration

Question 10

State two applications of enzyme pharmaceutical manufacturing

Answer 10

Enzyme for the synthesis of antimicrobials
Enzyme for the synthesis of amino acids