enzymes Flashcards
what is an enzyme?
act as biological catalysts
how do enzymes speed up reactions?
reduce the amount of activation energy needed
How do enzyme substrate complexes lower activation energy?
- Reduces repulsion so bond easier
- Sitting into the active site puts strain on bonds in substrate
What is the lock and key model ?
Active site and substrate have a complementary shape
What is the induced fit model?
Substrate has to make the active site change shape
What factors affect enzyme activity?
Temperature
pH
Substrate concentration
Enzyme concentration
How does temperature affect enzyme activity?
Too high: reaction stops as the molecules vibrate more, breaking bonds
Enzyme becomes denatured
Too low: reaction stops
How does ph affect enzyme activity?
Above and below optimum denatures the enzyme
How does substrate conc affect enzyme activity?
Higher= faster
Until saturation point
How does enzyme concentration affect enzyme activity?
Higher: increased rate of reaction
What is a competitive inhibitor?
Competes with the substrate for the active site
What is a non-Competitive inhibitor?
Binds to the enzyme elsewhere, changing the shape of the active site
