carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

what elements do carbohydrates contain?

A

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen

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2
Q

what are the monomers of carbohydrates?

A

monosaccharides

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3
Q

what is an isomer?

A

molecules with the same molecular formula as each other but with the atoms connected in a different way

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4
Q

what is a disaccharide?

A

when 2 monosaccharides are joined together by a condensation reaction

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5
Q

what bond forms between the 2 monosaccharides?

A

glycosidic

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6
Q

name some examples of disaccharides

A

sucrose
lactose
maltose

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7
Q

how is sucrose formed?

A

glucose and fructose

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8
Q

how is lactose formed?

A

glucose and galactose

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9
Q

how is maltose formed?

A

glucose and glucose

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10
Q

what is the benedicts test for reducing sugar?

A

add benedicts
and heat
blue = no reducing sugar
green - yellow= reducing sugar present

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11
Q

what is the benedicts test for non reducing sugars?

A

heat a new sample with dilute hydrochloric acid and neutralise by adding sodium hydrogencarbonate then heat with benedicts
blue = no non reducing sugar
green - red = non reducing sugar present

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12
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

2 or more monosaccharides joined together

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13
Q

What is starch?

A

Excess glucose in plants
2 types - amylose ( long, unbranched chain of alpha glucose)
Amylopectin ( long, branched chain of alpha glucose)
Insoluble in water

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14
Q

What is glycogen?

A

Excess glucose in animals
lots of side branches
compact so good for storage

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15
Q

What is cellulose?

A

long
unbranched
beta glucose
form microfibrils
plants cell walls

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16
Q

what is the iodine test?

A

add iodine dissolved in potassium iodide solution
positive = blue black
negative = orange