Enzymes

Question 1

What is an enzyme?

Answer 1

Biological catalyst. Globular protein

Question 2

Characteristics

Answer 2

-highly selective
-substrates into products
- proteins

Question 3

The active site is

Answer 3

Where the substrate attaches

Question 4

Binding site

Answer 4

Holds substrate in place

Question 5

Catalytic site

Answer 5

Where reaction occurs

Question 6

Specific sequence
●○○○○○●○○○○●

Answer 6

○○○● ●○○
○○●○○○○
○○○○

Question 7

Lock and key model

Answer 7

• active site has a rigid shape
• only substrate with matching shape can fit

Question 8

Induced fit model

Answer 8

• flexible active site
• can change shape to accommodate
• bigger range of substrate specificity

Question 9

Naming enzymes

Answer 9

End in ase after substrate they act on

Question 10

Protease- uses

Answer 10

Pre digest protein during manufacturing baby foods

Question 11

Lipase- use

Answer 11

Used with protease
Biological detergents to break down
Stains to smaller water soluble substances

Question 12

Carbohydrase- use

Answer 12

Convert starch syrup, e.g, sports drinks

Question 13

Isomerase- use

Answer 13

Glucose syrup to fructose

Question 14

EC 1

Answer 14

Oxidoreductases

Question 15

EC2

Answer 15

Transferase

Question 16

EC 3

Answer 16

Hydrolases

Question 17

EC 4

Answer 17

Lyases

Question 18

EC 5

Answer 18

Isomerases

Question 19

EC 6

Answer 19

Ligases

Question 20

Naming system
(1.2.3.4)

Answer 20

1 is EC
2 is subclass
3 is sub sub class
4 is the serial number in its subclass

Question 21

Co enzyme

Answer 21

Non protein organic molecules

Question 22

Holoenzyme

Answer 22

Enzyme + Co enzyme

Question 23

Apoenzyme

Answer 23

Inactive enzyme alone

Question 24

Organic co enzymes
The Big Red Nose

Answer 24

Thiamine
Biotin
Riboflavin
Niacin

Question 25

Co factors

Answer 25

- Inorganic species/ nonprotein - speeds up - not substrate of reaction

Question 26

Inorganic co factors examples

Answer 26

- Mg -Fe -Zn -Mn

Question 27

Activation energy

Answer 27

- bringing reactants together - formation of unstable bonds - bond rearrangements

Question 28

Effect enzyme activity

Answer 28

- pH - temperature - salt concentration - substrate concentration - co enzymes/ Co factors

Question 29

Optimum temperature

Answer 29

37° - human body temp

Question 30

Inhibitors

Answer 30

Decrease enzyme activity

Question 31

Inactivators

Answer 31

Irreversible inhibitors

Question 32

Reversible inhibitors

Answer 32

Dissociate from the enzyme

Question 33

Types of inhibitors

Answer 33

- competitive - non-competitive - uncompetitive