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Biology 12 > ENZYMES > Flashcards

ENZYMES Flashcards

1
Q

______ glands secrete hormones directly into the blood.

A

Endocrine

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2
Q

_______ glands secrete hormones into the ducts

A

Exocrine

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3
Q

The model that considers the substrate and active site to be a perfect fit to each other (3 words with spaces)

A

Lock and key

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4
Q

This enlargement of the throat can occur due to either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism

A

Goiter

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5
Q

Maintaining the internal environment of the body at equilibrium

A

Homeostasis

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6
Q

Insulin is an example of a ______ hormone

A

Peptide

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7
Q

Every enzyme has an optimal _______ at which it will work in the body. Values too far above or below will result in denaturation

A

PH

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8
Q

A factor affecting the rate of a chemical reaction

A

Temperature

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9
Q

Organic, but non-protein cofactor are often derived from these substances

A

Vitamins

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10
Q

Many __________ are inhibitors that permantely bind to the active site of enzymes, rendering them inactive

A

Poisons

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11
Q

In order to cool your body, blood vessels near the surface of the skin will

A

Dilate

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12
Q

An _____________ occurs to correct the situation when a receptor detects that conditions in the body are out of the normal range (2 words with space)

A

Adaptive Response

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13
Q

All enzymes end with the suffix

A

ase

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14
Q

Enzyme activity can be greatly reduced when the temperature gets too ______. This situation is irreversible

A

Hot

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15
Q

Components of the body that detect light

A

Photoreceptors

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16
Q

Increasing this factor will increase the rate of a chemical reaction (2 words with space)

A

Surface Area

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17
Q

All of the body’s sensory receptors are connected to the ___________ system

A

Nervous

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18
Q

The portion of an enzyme that binds with the substrate (2 words + space)

A

Active site

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19
Q

Cofactors can belong to this group of substances

A

Metals

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20
Q

Components of the body that detect chemical changes

A

Chemoreceptors

21
Q

A _________ increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy

A

Catalyst

22
Q

When the product of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction binds to the ________ site on the enzyme, it causes a change to the shape of the active site and the enzyme becomes temporarily inactive

A

Allosteric

23
Q

This word is what happens to a protein when its shape is changed by being exposed to heat or certain chemicals

A

Denature

24
Q

_______ are chemical messengers which help cells communicate with each other

A

Hormones

25
Q

an organic, but non-protein substance (eg. vitamin) that plays a role in forming a functioning enzyme

A

Coenzyme

26
Q

this word refers to the combination of all the chemical reactions that are occurring within an organism

A

Metabolism

27
Q

Components of the body that detect changes in blood pressure

A

Baroreceptors

28
Q

Negative feedback __________ occurs when the increase in the [product] of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction causes the rate of that reaction to slow by inhibiting the associated enzyme

A

Inhibition

29
Q

the idea that the active site modifies its shape as it forms the enzyme-substrate complex (2 words)

A

Induced fit

30
Q

the receptors for regulating body temperature are located in this part of the brain

A

Hypothalamus

31
Q

the enzyme maltase decomposes the sugar

A

maltose

32
Q

The _______ energy is the amount of energy that is required to get a chemical reaction started

A

Activation

33
Q

A solution with a higher ________ will provide a faster reaction rate than a solution with one that is lower

A

Concentration

34
Q

__________ feedback systems are very rare in humans, but are present in situations like childbirth and breast feeding

A

Positive

35
Q

Enzyme activity can be reduced when temperatures become too ______, however this situation can be reversed

A

Cold

36
Q

This enzyme catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

A

Catalase

37
Q

This element is required for the production of thyroxin

A

Iodine

38
Q

If your body temperature drops below normal, your brain may direct your body to start involuntary muscle contractions which makes you start to

A

Shiver

39
Q

Blood pressure, blood pH, and blood glucose levels are all part of __________ feedback systems where the correction of the level that is out of range leads to a SLOWING or CEASING of the corrective measure

A

Negative

40
Q

To function properly, enzymes require an additional substance called a _________, which are typically inorganic ions of metals

A

Cofactor

41
Q

Components of the body that detect temperature changes

A

Thermoreceptors

42
Q

the term metabolic ________ refers to a sequence of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions which are all linked to each other

A

Pathway

43
Q

Metabolic rate is controlled by the hormone thyroxine which is produced by the _________ gland

A

Thyroid

44
Q

A word used to describe a substance which will combine with the active site of an enzyme during a reaction

A

Substrate

45
Q

Enzymes are said to be _________ because each enzyme catalyzes only one type of reaction

A

Specific

46
Q

In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the reaction rate will continue to increase with the addition of more substrate until all enzyme active sites are __________. The addition of more substrate beyond this point will not increase the reaction rate

A

Saturated

47
Q

Lipid-based hormones are composed of

A

Steroids

48
Q

A biological catalyst is called a(n)

A

Enzyme

Biology 12 (4 decks)

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