Circulatory System Flashcards
The brain stem
Medulla oblongata
The portion of the cerebrum responsible for vision
Occipital
There are 31 pairs of __________ nerves
Spinal
The portion of the brain responsible for maintaining homeostasis within the body
Hypothalamus
components of the CNS
Brain & Spinal cord
The nodes of _______ are breaks between myelinated sections of the axon
Ranvier
After an action potential, sodium and potassium are returned to their resting potential state by the process of ______ (2 words)
Active transport
These substances break down neuro transmitters in the synaptic cleft after their release.
Enzymes
The three protective membranes around the spinal cord
Meninges
________ neurotransmitters make the post synaptic membrane more permeable to Na+
Excitatory
The portion of the brain that recieves all information from the senses (except for smell)
Thalamus
A substance which coats the axons of nerve cells
Myelin
The ventral root conducts nerve impulses _____ from the spinal cord
Away
A chemical that is released to transmit a nerve impulse from one nerve cell to the next
Neurotransmitter
A horizontal section that connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain
Corpus callosum
Shorter branches of a neuron which receive nerve impulses
Dendrites
________ matter in the spinal cord contains mostly cell bodies
Grey
The stage of action potential where sodium ions begin to move into the cell
Depolarization
___________ neurons carry nerve impulses AWAY from the CNS
Motor/Efferent
the central part of the neuron, where most activities related to the maintenance of the cell occur
Cell body
The sodium/potassium pump requires the energy molecule _________
ATP
Axon _________ are at the end of the axon
Terminals
The space between the axon ends of one nerve cell and the dendrites of a neighboring cell
Synapse/Synaptic Cleft
_________ matter in the spinal cord contains bundles of myelinated axons
White
The portion of the cerebrum responsible for thinking
Frontal Lobe
The portion of the cerebrum responsible for understanding speech
Parietal lobe
___________ transmissions occurs because of the myelinated nature of the axon
Saltatory
The coated portions of the axon are called _______
Schwann
During resting potential, ______ is the most common ion outside of the cell
Sodium (Na+)
__________ transmitters make the post synaptic membrane less permeable to Na+ and therefore less likely to produce an action potential
Inhibitory
The name given to the “nerve impulse” that passes along a neuron (2 words)
Action potential
The stage of action potential where potassium ions begin to move out of the cell
Repolarization
The dorsal roots looks different then that ventral root due to the presence of an enlargement called the dorsal root _______
Ganglion
Another word for “motor” neuron
Efferent
Another word for “sensory” neuron
Afferent
The dorsal root conducts nerve impulses ________ the spinal cord
Toward
The portion of the nervous system which produces the “fight or flight” response
sympathetic
The portion of the nervous system which is “involuntary” (not under your conscious control)
Autonomous
The void running down the center of the spinal cord (2 words)
Central canal
The part of the brain responsible for conscious thought
Frontal Lobe
The ______ period occurs when sodium and potassium ions are being returned to their resting potential concentrations
Refractory
The _____ nervous systems contains all the nerves that effect the skeletal muscles and sensory organs
Somatic
The “master gland”
Pituitary
The voltage inside a neuron at resting potential is approximately -_______
-70mV
Nerves are bundles of individual cells called ______
Neurons
One component of the CNS
Brain/Spinal cord
The portion of the nervous system which puts you into a more relaxed state
Parasympathetic
During resting potential, ______ is the most common ion inside of the cell
Potassium (K+)
A neurotransmitter released in response to the parasympathetic nervous system - puts you into a relaxed state
Acetylcholine
An involuntary response to which bypasses the brain
Reflex
The lobe of the cerebrum responsible for hearing and smelling
Temporal Lobe
A type of neuron found only in the CNS
Interneuron
_________ contain the neurotransmitters within the axon terminals
Vesicles
A neurotransmitter released by the sympathetic nervous system to induce the fight or flight response
Noradrenalin
The part of the brain responsible for balance
Cerebellum
Portion of the nervous system that is not the CNS
Peripheral
