Enzymes

Question 1

energy necessary for reactions to occur

Answer 1

Activation energy

Question 2

specific region of the enzyme to which the substrate binds

Answer 2

Active site

Question 3

inhibition by a binding event at a site different from the active site, which induces a conformational change and reduces the affinity of the enzyme for its substrate

Answer 3

Allosteric inhibition

Question 4

(also, anabolism) pathways that require an input of energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones

Answer 4

Anabolic

Question 5

adenosine triphosphate, the cell’s energy currency

Answer 5

ATP

Question 6

study of energy flowing through living systems

Answer 6

Bioenergetics

Question 7

(also, catabolism) pathways in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones

Answer 7

Catabolic

Question 8

potential energy in chemical bonds that is released when those bonds are broken

Answer 8

Chemical energy

Question 9

small organic molecule, such as a vitamin or its derivative, which is required to enhance the activity of an enzyme

Answer 9

Coenzyme

Question 10

inorganic ion, such as iron and magnesium ions, required for optimal regulation of enzyme activity

Answer 10

Cofactor

Question 11

type of inhibition in which the inhibitor competes with the substrate molecule by binding to the active site of the enzyme

Answer 11

Competitive inhibition

Question 12

process that changes the natural properties of a substance

Answer 12

Denature

Question 13

describes chemical reactions that require energy input

Answer 13

Endergonic

Question 14

process during which energy released by one reaction is used to drive another reaction

Answer 14

Energy coupling

Question 15

total energy of a system

Answer 15

Enthalpy

Question 16

measure of randomness or disorder within a system

Answer 16

Entropy (S)

Question 17

describes chemical reactions that release free energy

Answer 17

Exergonic

Question 18

effect of a product of a reaction sequence to decrease its further production by inhibiting the activity of the first enzyme in the pathway that produces it

Answer 18

Feedback inhibition

Question 19

Gibbs free energy is the usable energy, or energy that is available to do work.

Answer 19

Free energy

Question 20

energy energy transferred from one system to another that is not work (energy of the motion of molecules or particles)

Answer 20

Heat

Question 21

total bond energy of reactants or products in a chemical reaction

Answer 21

Heat energy

Question 22

dynamic fit between the enzyme and its substrate, in which both components modify their structures to allow for ideal binding

Answer 22

Induced fit

Question 23

type of energy associated with objects or particles in motion

Answer 23

Kinetic energy

Question 24

all the chemical reactions that take place inside cells, including anabolism and catabolism

Answer 24

Metabolism

Question 25

bond that connects phosphates in an ATP molecule

Answer 25

Phosphoanhydride bond

Question 26

type of energy that has the potential to do work; stored energy

Answer 26

Potential energy

Question 27

molecule on which the enzyme acts

Answer 27

Substrate

Question 28

study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter

Answer 28

Thermodynamics

Question 29

high-energy, unstable state (an intermediate form between the substrate and the product) occurring during a chemical reaction

Answer 29

Transition state