Enzymes

Question 1

How could you increase the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction with a reversible inhibitor present?

Answer 1

Increase the substrate concentration

Question 2

State what energy is increased when temperature increases.

Answer 2

Kinetic

Question 3

Explain the outcome of increasing the substrate concentration on an enzyme controlled reaction.

Answer 3

Beacuse there is more susbtrate
Then there are more successful collisions between enzyme and substrate, so more enzyme substrate complexes form,
therefore increasing the rate of reaction.

Question 4

Active site is a part of an enzyme that is

Answer 4

specific and complementary in shape and charge to the substrate.

Question 5

A substrate is the

Answer 5

reactant in an enzyme reaction.

Question 6

The induced fit enzyme theory is the idea that ..

Answer 6

enzyme and substrate mould together

Question 7

The lock and key enzyme theory is the idea that ?

Answer 7

enzyme and substrate fit together in a rigid manner

Question 8

Non-competitive inhibitors ?

Answer 8

Chemicals that bind to an allosteric site and change the 3D shape of an enzyme’s active site so it no longer functions.

Question 9

Products in a reaction are …

Answer 9

The resultant chemicals produced by an enzyme reaction from the initial substrate.

Question 10

The enzyme substrate complex is when ?

Answer 10

Enzyme bound to substrate following a successful collision.

Question 11

Competitive inhibitors are . ..

Answer 11

Chemicals that are complementary in terms of shape and charge to the enzyme active site.
They occupy the active site, thus slowing down the rate of a reaction as less enzyme-substrate complexes form

Question 12

If an enzyme has denatured it has changed the ?

Answer 12

3D shape of an enzyme, changing the shape of the active site, so it is no longer complementary and specific to substrate

Question 13

Anabolic reactions are ?

Answer 13

Reactions that build chemicals - also called synthesis reactions e.g. photosynthesis

Question 14

Catabolic reactions are ..

Answer 14

Reactions that break chemicals down - also called decomposition reactions e.g.aerobic adn anaerobic cellular respiration

Question 15

Endergonic reactions are?

Answer 15

Energy-requiring reactions - link to anabolic reactions

Question 16

Exergonic reactions are?

Answer 16

Energy-releasing reactions - link to catabolic reactions

Question 17

Activation energy is ..

Answer 17

The energy required to make a reaction begin.

Question 18

An enzyme is …

Answer 18

is a protein, and biological catalyst, that lowers the activation energy of reactions.

Question 19

Competitive inhibitors are chemicals that

Answer 19

occupy the active site, thus slowing down the rate of a reaction

Question 20

If an enzyme is inactive then

Answer 20

it has low kinetic energy but has not changed tertiary structure or 3D shape of the active site

Question 21

In what conditions do enzymes denature?

Answer 21

High and low pH and high termperatures

Question 22

Name the factors that affect enzyme reaction rate

Answer 22

pH
Temperature
Substrate concentration
Enzyme concentration
Competitive inhibitors
Non-Competitive inhibitors

Question 23

Which type of inhibitor competes for the active site against the substrate?

Answer 23

competitive inhibitor

Question 24

State four key terms to include when addressing enzyme questions

Answer 24

active site
3D shape
Specific and complementary
Enzyme substrate complexes

Question 25

Explain what determines the structure of the active site

Answer 25

Because the protein is made from a sequence of amino acids, primary structure, then the R groups from these determine the bonds that will form. Therefore leading to the overall 3D structure, including the active site.

Question 26

Metabolism is …

Answer 26

Metabolism is the sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in an organism.

Question 27

A reaction where there is more energy in the products than reactants is classified as ..

Answer 27

Synthesis/anabolic/endergonic

Question 28

A reaction where there is more energy in the reactants than products is classified as ..

Answer 28

decomposition/catabolic/exergonic

Question 29

State four key terms to include when explaining an enzyme reaction rate and temperature graph

Answer 29

Optimum
Denature
inactive
kinetcis energy = successful collisions

Question 30

Draw a 3 part diagram to show an enzyme reaction

Answer 30

Question 31

Draw a 3 part diagram to show the effect of a competitive inhibitor on an enzyme reaction

Answer 31

Question 32

Draw a diagram to show the impact of a non-competitive inhibitor on the enzyme active site

Answer 32

Question 33

Name point X

Answer 33

Saturation point

Question 34

Explain why the reaction rate plateaus after point X

Answer 34

Because all enzyme active sites are occupied with subtrate
Then the maximum number of enzyme substrate complexes are already forming each second
Then the reaction rate platues and cannot increase regardless of an increase in substrate.