Changes in genetic makeup Flashcards
An allele is ?
a variation of a gene at a particular gene locus
A species is defined as …
A group of organisms that interbreed to produce viable and fertile offspring
Phenotype is the ?
physical, behavioural or physiological characteristic of an organism which are a result of the combination of genotype and the environment
Allele frequency is ..
The proportion of one allele in a population
A point mutation is when ?
one single nucleotide is changed
A silent mutation is where the ?
Base changes but still codes for the same base as the DNA code is degenerate
A missense mutation is where ?
Base changes and so does the amino acids coded for so may affect the function of the protein
A nonsense mutation is where ?
Base changes and so does the amino acids coded creating a stop codon and a non-functional protein
A population is defined as ?
a group of individuals of the same species in the same defined geographical area
Evolution is the ?
change in allele frequency over time
Gene flow is ?
The movement of individual in and out of of a population changing allele frequency
Allopatric speciation is ?
Speciation due to geographical barriers separating a population
Genetic drift is the ?
change in allele frequencies in a population by chance
Founder effect is when ?
A group of individuals, whose allele frequency unrepresentative of the normal population, breakawayand found a new population
Bottleneck effect is ?
A severe reduction in genetic diversity due to a catastrophe that may change allele frequency