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Chem 153a > enzyme quiz > Flashcards

enzyme quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

Class: oxidoreductase

What type of reaction and how to name

A

Transfer of electrons from one molecule to another

name: electron donor:electron acceptor + oxidoreductase

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2
Q

Class: transferase

What type of reaction and how to name

A

Transfer of functional groups from one molecule to another

name: reactant recieving functional group + functional group + transferase

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3
Q

Class: hydrolase

What type of reaction and how to name

A

Bond cleavage or formation with the addition or removal of water
name: compound to be cleaved + hydrolase

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4
Q

Class: Lyase

What type of reaction and how to name

A

Group elimination to form a double bind (can result in -C bond cleavage)
name: if no c-c bonds broken, then compounds with a single bond + lyase
if c-c bonds are broken, then compound with c-c bond cleaved + synthase

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5
Q

Class: isomerase

What type of reaction and how to name

A

intramolecular rearrangements

name: reactant + isomerase

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6
Q

Class: Ligase

What type of reaction and how to name

A

Bond formation (or breaking) coupled to ATP hydrolysis (or formation)
name: both reactants + ligase
compound formed + synthetase

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7
Q

dehydrogenase

A

transfer a hydride ion (usually to an acceptor); subclass of oxidoreductase

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8
Q

oxidase

A

transfer electrons to oxygen; subclass of oxidoreductases

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9
Q

reductase

A

transfer of a hydride ion (usually from an acceptor); subclass of oxidoreductases

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10
Q

Kinase

A

transfer of phosphate (phosphoryl group) between any compound and the adenylates (AMP, ADP, ATP); subclass of transferases

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11
Q

Aminotransferase (transaminase)

A

Transfer of amino group between the compounds; subclass of transferases

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12
Q

phosphatase

A

hydrolysis of a single bond between a compound and a phosphate group producing inorganic phosphate; subclass of hydrolases

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13
Q

protease

A

hydrolysis of a peptide bond; subclass of hydrolases

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14
Q

glycosidase

A

hydrolysis of a glycosidic bond; subclass of hydrolases

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15
Q

synthase

A

breaking of a double bond of one compound and concomitant formation of a new carbon-carbon bind with a second compound to form a new single compound; subclass of lyase

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16
Q

hydratase

A

removal of water to form a double bond; subclass of lyase

17
Q

mutase

A

the apparent migration of a functional group from one position on a compound to another position on the same compound

18
Q

Proximity and orientation mechanism definition

A

substrate is bound in the proper alignment to and next to catalytic amino acids

19
Q

how to recognize proximity and orientation mechanism

A

substrate binding to active site

20
Q

general purpose of proximity and orientation mechanism

A

increase reaction rate by limiting diffusion and maximizing alignment of reacting functional groups

21
Q

preferential binding of the TS mechanism definition

A

enzymes bind transition state with higher affinity than substrates or products

22
Q

how to recognize preferential binding of TS mechanism

A

additional contacts made to unstable intermediate (TS) relative to substrate/product

23
Q

general purpose of preferential binding of TS mechanism

A

increase reaction rates by lowering transition state energy

24
Q

acid/base catalysis mechanism definition

A

enzyme donates or accepts a proton (can be to another amino acid or substrate)

25
Q

how to recognize acid/base catalysis mechanism

A

a protonated amino acid becomes deprotonated/a deprotonated amino acid becomes protonated

26
Q

acid/base catalysis mechanism general purpose

A

stabilize leaving groups, increase nucleophilicity, stabilize transition state

27
Q

covalent catalysis mechanism definition

A

enzyme forms a covalent bond with the substrate

28
Q

how to recognize covalent catalysis mechanism

A

deprotonated amino acid nucleophilically attacks substrate (forming a covalent bond)

29
Q

covalent catalysis mechanism general purpose

A

facilitate bind cleavage, provides a new reaction pathway

30
Q

electrostatic catalysis mechanism definition

A

charge on the enzyme interacts with a neighboring charge

31
Q

how to recognize electrostatic catalysis mechanism

A

charge on the enzyme interacts with a neighboring charge

32
Q

electrostatic catalysis mechanism general purpose

A

substrate specificity/orientation; stabilize charges forming

33
Q

metal ion catalysis mechanism definition

A

metal ion in the active site participates in catalysis

34
Q

how to recognize metal ion catalysis mechanism

A

metal ion in the active site

35
Q

metal ion catalysis mechanism general purpose

A

charge stabilization, water ionization, electron transfer

Chem 153a (8 decks)

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