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ENZYME (MA'AM GAIL) Flashcards

1
Q

Proteins that catalyze biochemical Reactions

A

Enzymes

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2
Q

Example of biochemical reactions

A

Physiologic Reactions that happen in the body

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3
Q

[TRUE OR FALSE] Enzymes are not being consumed in the reaction/not being changed in the reaction so that along with the product, the enzymes will have to be observed there as well

A

TRUE

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4
Q

Enzymes are found in all body tissues. They are confined

A

Intracellularly

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5
Q

Enzymes appear frequently in the serum following ______ or, sometimes, in smaller amounts, from ___

A

Cellular Injury
Degraded Cells

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6
Q

Such enzyme is liver-specific enzyme

A

Alanine Aminotransferase

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7
Q

Alanine Aminotransferase has the highest concentration in…

A

Liver

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8
Q

Causes elevation of ALT in the serum

A

Hepatitis
Hepatobiliary disorders
Hepato Cellular Disorders

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9
Q

Sample for ENZYME Testing

A

Plasma or Serum

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10
Q

What is done in plasma or serum to determine abnormalities or disorder of enzyme

A

Quantitated

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11
Q

Is the application of the science of enzymes to the diagnosis and treatment of disease

A

Clinical Enzymology

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12
Q

the compound/substance on which the enzyme works and whose reaction it speeds up

A

Substrate

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13
Q

enzyme formed when substrate bind to the active site

A

Substrate Complex

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14
Q

Specific portion where the substrate binds

A

Active Site

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15
Q

water-free cavity/concavity

A

Active Site

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16
Q

A cavity other than the active site; may bind regulator molecules

A

Allosteric Site

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17
Q

different forms of enzymes; multiple forms of genetic origin

A

Isoenzyme

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18
Q

Who said that isoenzyme refers to multiple forms of genetic origin

A

International Union of Biochemistry

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19
Q

this enzyme contains four major isoenzyme fractions (Liver,Bone, Intestinal and Placental ALP Fractions)

A

Alkaline Phosphatase

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20
Q

Abnormal Fractions

A

Regan ALP
Nagao ALP

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21
Q

Results when an enzyme is subject to posttranslational modifications

A

Isoform

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22
Q

a bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoform detected in mineral bone disease, in patients with chronic kidney disease

A

B1X

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23
Q

a nonprotein molecule necessary for enzyme activity

A

Cofactor

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24
Q

Inorganic Cofactor

A

Activator

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25
Examples of Inorganic Cofactor
Magnesium Chloride Manganese Zinc
26
Organic Cofactor
Coenzyme
27
Example of Coenzyme
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) other vitamins (Pyridoxal Phosphate)
28
When bound tightly to enzyme
Prosthetic group
29
Enzyme Portion
Apoenzyme
30
Apoenzyme + Coenzyme
Holoenzyme
31
Inactive form
Proenzyme or Zymogen
32
IUB
International Union of Biochemistry System
33
Defines the substrate acted on, nature of the reaction catalyzed, and possibly, the name of the coenzyme involved in the reaction
Systematic Name
34
Longer in nature than that of trivial/recommended name
Systematic Name
35
Simplified; suitable for everyday use
Trivial or recommended
36
4 digits separated by decimal points and is prefixed by the letters EC,denoting Enzyme commission
EC numerical code
37
defines the class to which the enzyme belong
first number
38
1 Class
Oxidoreductases
39
2 Class
Transferases
40
3 Class
Hydrolases
41
4 Class
Lyases
42
5 Class
Isomerases
43
6 Class
Ligases
44
Oxidation-reduction reaction
Oxidoreductases
45
Transfer of a group other than hydrogen from one substrate to another
Transferases
46
Hydrolysis or splitting of a bond by the addition of water
Hydrolases
47
Removal of groups from substrates without hydrolysis (product contains double bonds)
Lyases
48
Interconversion of geometric, optical, or positional isomers/intramolecular arrangement of substrate compound
Isomerases
49
Joining of two substrate molecule
Ligases (synthases)
50
these digits of EC code number represent the subclass and sub subclass of the enzyme, respectively
second and third digits
51
this is the serial number specific to each enzyme in a subsubclass
final number
52
System number of Creatine Kinase
EC 2.7.3.2.
53
Interpret 3C 2.7.3.2.
EC- Enzyme Commission 2. Class (Transferases) 7. Subclass (Phosphotransferase) 3. Sub-subclass (Nitrogenous group or acceptor) 2. Enzyme number within sub-subclass
54
ALT
Alanine aminotransferase
55
AST
Aspartate aminotransferase
56
LDH
Lactate dehydrogenase
57
CK
Creatinine Kinase
58
Oxidoreductases Recommended Names
Lactate Dehydrogenase Glucose-6- Phosphate dehydrogenase Glutamate dehydrogenase
59
Lactate Dehydrogenase common abbreviation Standard abbreviation EC Code No.
LDH LDH 1.1.1.27
60
Glucose-6-Phosphate common abbreviation Standard abbreviation EC Code No.
G-6-PDH G-6-PD 1.1.1.49
61
Glutamate dehydrogenase common abbreviation Standard abbreviation EC Code No.
GLD GLD 1.4.1.3
62
Lactate Dehydrogenase Systematic Name
L-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
63
Glycose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase systematic name
D-Glucose-6-phosphate:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase
64
glutamate dehydrogenase systematic name
L-glutamate:NAD(P) Oxidoreductase,deaminase
65
Transferases Recommended names
Aspartate Amino-transferase Alanine amino-transferase Creatine Kinase y-glutamyl-transferase Glutathione-S-transferase Glycogen phosphorylase Pyruvate Kinase
66
Aspartate amino-transferase common abbreviation Standard abbreviation EC Code No.
GOT(glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase) AST 2.6.1.1
67
Alanine amino-transferase common abbreviation Standard abbreviation EC Code No.
GPT(Glutamate transaminase) ALT 2.6.1.2
68
Creatine Kinase common abbreviation Standard abbreviation EC Code No.
CPK (Creatine Phosphokinase) CK 2.7.3.2
69
y-Glutamyl-transferase common abbreviation Standard abbreviation EC Code No.
GGTP GGT 2.3.2.2
70
Glutathione-S-transferase common abbreviation Standard abbreviation EC Code No.
a-GST GST 2.5.1.18
71
Glycogen Phosphorylase common abbreviation Standard abbreviation EC Code No.
GP GP 2.4.1.1
72
Pyruvate Kinase common abbreviation Standard abbreviation EC Code No.
PK PK 2.7.1.40
73
Aspartate amino-transferase Systematic Name
L-Aspartate:2-oxaloglutarate aminotransferase
74
Alanine amino-transferase Systematic Name
L-Alanine:2- oxaloglutarate aminotransferase
75
Creatine Kinase Systematic Name
ATP:creatine N-phosphotransferase
76
y-Glutamyl-transferase systematic name
(5-Glutamyl)peptide:amino acid-5-glutamyltransferase
77
Glutathione-S-transferase systematic name
Glutathione transferase
78
Glycogen Phosphorylase systematic name
1,4-a-D-Glucan:Orthophosphate a-d-glycosyltransferase
79

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