Enzyme Fundamentals Flashcards
What are enzymes
Molecules that catalyze reactions in living cells and lower the activation energy
Also are special proteins that function as biological catalyst
What is a catalyst ?
Is a substance that Lower the ACTIVATION ENERGY needed to run a reaction
What do the catalyst?
Speed up the rxn
This don’t change the outcome of the rxn and do not become part of the rxn
What is activation energy ?
Is the minimum amount of energy needed to start a rxn
What is substrates ?
Enzymes interact with substrates are molecules that will undergo a rxn
What is active site?
Is the area of the enzyme that binds to the substrate
What changes produces to an enzyme the binding?
Binding of an enzyme to a substrate causes the enzyme to change producing a better inducing fit between the molecules
What is ribozyme
RNA with enzymatic abilities
Fragment of rna can also act as catalyst for reaction involving hydrolysis
El catalizador como puede ser utilizada?
La enzima es libre de unirse a otro sustrato
Además puede romper cadenas y puede ser reutilizada
Factors that change the enzyme
pH, temperature and regulatory molecules
How is affected the enzyme with the temperature?
Enzyme activity increased with increasing temperature
Too far above the temperatura optimum can DENATURE the enzyme , destroying its function
What is an inhibitor ?
Molecules that bind to an enzyme to DECREASE enzyme activity
What is the two types of inhibitors
Competitive inhibitors: INTERFERS with the ACTIVE SITE of enzyme so SUBSTRATE canNOT BIND (mayor acción de inhibición )
Non-competitive inhibitor: BINDS to sites OTHER than the enzymes ACTIVE SITE (se une a otra parte del enzima)
What is allosteric enzyme
Exist in an active or inactive state
Posses an ALLOSTERIC SITE where molecules que no Sean el sustrato se unen
Mention the two types of allosteric enzyme
Allosteric inhibition: BIND to the ALLOSTERIC SITE to INACTIVATE the enzyme. Also CHANGES the SHAPE of enzyme so it CANNOT bind to SUBSTRATE
Allosteric activator : BIND to the ALLOSTERIC SITE to ACTIVE the enzyme
