Enzyme Action Flashcards
what is an anabolic reaction?
building larger molecules.
what is a catabolic reaction?
a reaction where large molecules are broken down.
what is metabolism?
the sum of all different reactions and reaction pathways happening in a cell or organism. controlled by enzymes.
what is the lock and key hypothesis?
in the same way that a key will fit into a lock, only a specific substrate will sit into the active site of an enzyme.
what is the active site?
the area within the tertiary structure of the enzyme that has a shape that is complementary to the shape of a specific substrate molecule.
what is the induced fit hypothesis?
the initial interaction between the enzyme and the substrate is relatively weak, but these weak interactions rapidly induce changes in the enzyme’s tertiary structure that strengthen binding, putting strain on the substrate molecule. this can weaken a particular bond in the substrate, therefore lowering the activation energy for the reaction.
what is an intracellular enzyme?
an enzyme that acts within cells,
what is an extracellular enzyme?
an enzyme that works out of the cell that made them. if a substrate is too large to cross plasma membrane they may be broken down first.
what is an example of an extracellular enzyme?
- amylase
- trypsin (a protease)
what is an example of an intracellular enzyme?
- catalase - breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.
how is starch digested?
- starch polymers partially broken down into maltose. the enzyme amylase does this.
- maltose is broken down into glucose by maltase (present in small intestines.)
where is amylase produced?
- salivary glands.
- pancreas.
what does trypsin do?
catalyses the digestion of proteins into smaller peptides.
where is trypsin produced?
pancreas
