Enzymatic Control Flashcards
What is the Mass Action Effect?
Follows the law of concentration gradients
What type of tissues are necessary for mobility or exercise?
Excitable tissues
What is the relationship maintained by excitable tissues?
Between intra and extracellular environment
How long can ATP stores in skeletal muscle support exercise?
Only enough for 3 seconds of exercise
What pathway is utilized during exercise lasting 30+ seconds?
Glycolytic pathway
What are coenzymes?
Organic substances which facilitate the action of enzymes
What is an example of a coenzyme and its desired form?
NAD: we want this in its reduced form
What are enzymes specialized to do?
Act as catalysts(increase the rate) in biological reactions
What do enzymes lower in a reaction?
Energy of activation
Define energy of activation.
The amount of energy required to bring molecules to the transition state
What is the transition state?
A condition where the probability is high that a chemical bond will be made or broken
What dictates the overall speed of a reaction?
The slowest enzyme in a reaction or metabolic pathway
What does Kcat represent?
The number of substrate molecules converted to product per unit time on a single enzyme molecule
What happens during oxidation?
Removing an electron
What happens during reduction?
Adding an electron
What is a cofactor?
A non-protein substance that activates an enzyme
What is an apoprotein?
The protein left after the cofactor is removed; it is inactive
What is covalent modification in enzyme regulation?
Step 1 in Enzyme Regulation
Activation or inactivation by addition or removal of a phosphate
What enzyme is used to add a phosphate during covalent modification?
Kinase
What enzyme is used to remove a phosphate during covalent modification?
Phosphatase
What is compartmentation in enzyme regulation?
step 3 in enzyme regulation
Different reactions occur in different parts of the cell
What is Allosteric Regulation?
Step 2 in enzyme regulation
an allosterically modified enzyme has an active site which is seperate from the catalyic site which is substrate combined
