ENVS195 FINAL EXAM

Question 1

Nature (‘first’ ‘second’ ‘third’)

Answer 1

• First nature: perceives nature as a place that is pristine and untouched by humans. Human nature dichotomy. Connection to idea of “Eden”(paradise untouched by human sin). Conservation areas established as places where human disruptions are limited; nature protected from humans.
  
  • Second Nature: sees nature as a a resources; a place or thing that has items or things that are useful to humans (ie, soil, elements, minerals). Resources that have utility for people. Relationship to human labour; turning resources into something of higher value. Protect nature as it may offer some higher value (cancer cure in amazon)
  • Third Nature: Nature is a commodity; refers to nature in its entirety. Tourism to see nature that is perceived as beautiful, tourism generates money. Nature has benefits for humans in terms of health and wellness. Idea/dreams of isolation from regular human activity and living alone in nature.

Question 2

Total Naturalism

Answer 2

all beings and events in the earth are natural

Question 3

Strong Naturalism/naturalized human distinctiveness

Answer 3

humans are part of nature but our cognitive capacity sets us apart from nature and other species.

Question 4

Human Execeptionalism

Answer 4

humans are separate from and have transcended from nature

Question 5

anthropocentric value

Question 6

intrinsic value

Answer 6

nature has value in and of itself regardless of humans. Rights of other living species. Ecocentric/biocentric

Question 7

ecocentric vs. biocentric

Question 8

instrumental value

Answer 8

Connected to feelings and emotions. There is value of aesthetic beauty.

Question 9

relational value

Answer 9

Connection to cultural identity. Cultural sense of stewardship to where we are connected

Question 10

environmental justice

Question 11

environmental racisim

Question 12

dr. robert d. bullard

Question 13

dr. rev. benjamin chavis

Question 14

Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation (Grassy Narrows)

Question 15

Aamjiwnaang First Nation

Question 16

Africville

Question 17

Bill C-230 (A national strategy to redress environmental racism)

Question 18

Mauri vs. Maori

Answer 18

Mauri is the belief that all animals/ non animal creatures have life force. Your mauri is intimately connected to the mauri around you. The relationship is ancestral/geneological.

Question 19

Kaitiakitanga

Answer 19

stewardship, with a responablitly to foster the mauri around you. As long as a community exsists, so does the responsiblitiy.

Question 20

Te Awa Tupua

Question 21

Treaty of Waitangi

Question 22

Malthusian Theory

Question 23

Demographic Transition Model

Question 24

Environemntal Kuznets curve

Question 25

IPAT equation

Question 26

Decoupling (impact decoupling, resource decoupling, relative decoupling, absolute decoupling)

Question 27

degrowth

Question 28

donut economics

Question 29

planetary boundaries framework

Question 30

animal welfare

Question 31

animal rights

Question 32

sentience

Question 33

mechanistic worldviews and rene descartes

Question 34

cultural determinism

Question 35

acts of necessity

Question 36

treaty rights

Question 37

self-determination rights

Question 38

cultural imperialism

Question 39

Biodiversity (genetic, species, ecosystem)

Question 40

Natural selection, adaptive and maladaptive traits

Question 41

Stabilizing, directional, and diversifying selection

Question 42

Divergent and convergent evolution

Question 43

Species richness vs Species evenness

Question 44

Keystone species

Question 45

Ecosystem engineers

Question 46

Foundation species

Question 47

Speciation (allopatric, sympatric), extinction, extirpation, endemic

Question 48

Equilibrium model of island biogeography

Question 49

Biogeochemical cycle, nutrient cycle, matter cycle

Question 50

Gaseous cycles vs sedimentary cycles

Question 51

Source, sink, fluxes

Question 52

Residence time

Question 53

Lithosphere

Question 54

Soil organic carbon

Question 55

Stomata

Question 56

Physical and biological carbon pump

Question 57

Chemical and physical weathering

Question 58

Geologic uplift

Question 59

Eutrophication

Question 60

Biodiversity hotspots

Question 61

Ecological succession (primary vs secondary)

Question 62

Seral stages

Question 63

Primary colonizers

Question 64

Alien species vs Invasive alien species

Question 65

Positive and negative feedback loops

Question 66

Laws of thermodynamics

Question 67

Entropy

Question 68

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Question 69

Gross primary productivity, net primary productivity, community productivity

Question 70

Trophic levels

Question 71

Biotic pyramids

Question 72

Transfer efficiency

Question 73

Assimilation

Question 74

Metabolism, anabolic, catabolic processes

Question 75

Food webs, food chains

Question 76

Benthic zone

Question 77

Phenological mismatch

Question 78

Acidification

Question 79

Jurisdiction

Question 80

Tragedy of the commons

Question 81

Political power

Question 82

Precautionary principle

Question 83

Ecosystem services
- Provisioning services
- Regulating services
- Supporting services
- Cultural services

Question 84

Payment for ecosystem services

Question 85

Carbon sequestration

Question 86

Desertification

Question 87

Afforestation / reforestation

Question 88

Soil erosion

Question 89

Monoculture

Question 90

Groundwater recharge

Question 91

Downstream

Question 92

Arid

Question 93

Evapotranspiration

Question 94

Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency

Question 95

Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA)

Question 96

Canadian Environmental Assessment Act, 2012 (CEAA, 2012)

Question 97

Impact Assessment Act, 2019 (IAA, 2019)

Question 98

Screenings, Comprehensive Study, Review Panel

Question 99

Project List

Question 100

Provincial Substitutes

Question 101

Consult vs consent

Question 102

Regional and Strategic Assessments

Question 103

Identified resources, undiscovered resources, reserves, other resources

Question 104

Ore and gangue

Question 105

Tailings

Question 106

Smelting

Question 107

Prosperity Mine

Question 108

Tsilhqot’in

Question 109

SLAPPs

Question 110

Building back better

Question 111

Banda Aceh

Question 112

Tsunami

Question 113

Buffer zone

Question 114

Tsunami Early Warning System (TEWS)

Question 115

Waste and e-waste

Question 116

Planned obsolescence

Question 117

Formal and informal recycling

Question 118

Circular economy

Question 119

Basel Convention and the Basel Ban Amendment

Question 120

Extended Producer Responsibility

Question 121

Product Stewardship

Question 122

Atmosphere

Question 123

weather

Question 124

climate

Question 125

climate change

Question 126

global warming

Question 127

el niño

Question 128

Milankovitch cycles

Question 129

greenhouse effect

Question 130

Phenological mismatch

Question 131

Multi-year ice vs first-year ice

Question 132

Acute, sub-acute, and chronic hazards

Question 133

Eco-anxiety

Question 134

Eco-grief

Question 135

Eco-paralysis

Question 136

Eco-guilt

Question 137

Solastalgia

Question 138

Gidden’s Paradox

Question 139

Problem-focused coping

Question 140

Emotion-focused coping

Question 141

Meaning-focused coping

Question 142

Atmosphere
Troposphere
Stratosphere

Question 143

trace gases

Question 144

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

Question 145

Particulate matter

Question 146

Aerosols

Question 147

Persistent organic pollutants

Question 148

Photochemical pollution

Question 149

Diffusion

Question 150

Convection

Question 151

Ozone

Question 152

Ultraviolet radiation (UV rays)

Question 153

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

Question 154

Green Revolution

Question 155

Soil acidity

Question 156

Irrigation

Question 157

Salinization

Question 158

Organic matter

Question 159

nutrient loss

Question 160

fertilizer

Question 161

insecticide resistance

Question 162

monoculture

Question 163

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs)

Question 164

Antibiotics

Question 165

Eutrophication

Question 166

Bioaccumulation

Question 167

Biomagnification

Question 168

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

Question 169

Ecological Farming

Question 170

Callosities

Question 171

Baleen

Question 172

Calf and Calving Rate

Question 173

Reproduction

Question 174

Entanglement

Question 175

Buoy

Question 176

Floating Line

Question 177

End line

Question 178

noise pollution

Question 179

seismic air guns

Question 180

vessel strikes

Question 181

blunt force trauma

Question 182

shifting baseline

Question 183

prey switching

Question 184

serial depleation

Question 185

fishing down the food chain

Question 186

bycatch

Question 187

bottom trawling

Question 188

sustainable fisheries framework

Question 189

critical zone, cautious zone, health zone

Question 190

limit reference point

Question 191

upper stock reference

Question 192

harvest decision rules

Question 193

spawning stock biomass

Question 194

removal reference