Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > environmentally part of b6 > Flashcards

environmentally part of b6 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

why can conservation schemes be difficult?

A

-might require several countries to work together- difficult to arrange and some countries might not be willing to sign up to an agreement

-can be objected by local residents

  • can be difficult to monitor things like endangered species

-they cost money

-involve making laws and regulations which can take a long time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is selective breeding?

A

mating the best organism to get good offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are some examples of good qualities in selective breeding?

A

-produces maximum yield- good food production
-good health and disease resistance
-in plants: attractive flowers, nice smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the two issues with inbreeding?

A

causes health problems because there is more chance of the organism developing harmful genetic disorders because organisms with similar features who might be related are breeded

reduces the gene pool (number of different alleles in a population) because the farmer keeps breeding the best animals or plants which are closely related- inbreeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the basic steps in selective breeding?

A

-choose parent organisms with the best characteristics
-breed them together
-the best off spring can be selected and bred
-process is repeated over several generations to develop desired traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the abundance of an organism?

A

how many individuals you find in an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the distribution of an organism?

A

where an organism is found in a habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why do you take samples of organisms?

A

it’s too time consuming measuring the number and distribution of a species in an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are pooters used for?

A

collecting insects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are pooters?

A

-jars that have rubber bungs sealing the top and two tubes stuck through the bung.

you crawl around for a few minutes sucking up as many insects as you can the count how many insects you have collected. do this in a second area and compare the results. spend the same amount of time sampling and in sample areas of the same size.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are pitfall traps used for?

A

ground insects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are pitfall traps?

A

steep-sided containers that are sunk in a hole in the ground with the top partially open.

leave the trap overnight in your first sample area and insects that fall in can’t get out. try it in a second area and compare results.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are nets used for?

A

collecting animals from long grass and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a sweep net?

A

strong cloth net used for collecting insects from long grass.

sweep the net from left to right and quickly sweep up the net and turn the insects out into a container and count them. repeat in a second area and compare results.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a pond net?

A

a net used for collecting insects (water snails) from ponds or rivers.

you sweep the net along the bottom of the pond or river and then turn the net out into a white tray to count the organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a quadrat?

A

a square frame enclosing a known area to compare how common an organism is in two sample areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the capture and recapture method?

A

you can estimate the size of a population by capturing a sample of the population and marking them and then recapturing another sample and see which ones are marked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is a key?

A

a series of different questions that you can use to figure out what an unknown organism is- the questions narrow down to the correct organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are keys useful for?

A

to correctly identify an organism that you have sampled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the distribution of organisms affected by?

A

abiotic and biotic factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are abiotic factors?

A

non living factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are four abiotic factors?

A

temperature
moisture level
light intensity
soil ph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are some biotic factors?

A

competition
predators
food availability
pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are ways to measure abiotic factors?

A

-therometre- temperature
-light sensor- light intensity
-soil moisture meter- moisture level
-indicator liquid/ electronic PH monitors- soil PH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how do you use indicator liquid to measure soil PH?

A

water is added to a soil sample and then an indicator liquid is added that changes colour depending on the PH. the colour is then compared to a chart to find the PH of the soil

26
Q

how do you use electronic PH monitors to measure soil PH?

A

water is added to the soil sample and an electronic probe is placed into the sample to generate a numerical value for the PH

27
Q

what are transects used for?

A

investigating how the distribution of a organism gradually changes across an area

28
Q

what is a belt transect?

A

when you sample along the length of a transect using a quadrat

29
Q

what are kite diagrams used for?

A

to show the data collected in a belt transect

30
Q

what does each part of a kite diagram show?

A

thickness of kite- abundance of each organism
x axis- shows the distance along the transect line

31
Q

how do human interactions affect our ecosystem?

A

-we use species for food, raw materials, fuels and medicines.

-deforestation for trees or for space for farming and mining reduces the habit for species and kills species in the process

-when we produce and consume things we create waste (waste chemicals) which can lead to pollution in habitats which can kill animals

-burning fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere which can cause global warming

-global warming can make it too hot or cold in a certain area which might kill a population or they might have to migrate

32
Q

what is local biodiversity?

A

number of species in the local area

33
Q

what is global biodiversity?

A

the number of species on the entire planet

34
Q

what are the four main human activities which take land away from animals?

A

-building
-farming
-dumping waste
-quarrying

this means there is less land available for species to live on

35
Q

what is the negative impact of woodland clearance?

A

-done to increase area of farmland

-reduces tree species- reduces biodiversity
-destroys the habitats of other organisms- which will die or migrate- reduces biodiversity

36
Q

what is monoculture?

A

when areas of land are used to grow a single crop e.g oil plant plantations.

it can lead to loss is biodiversity as land is cleared to make space for monoculture

37
Q

what causes pollution?

A

-toxic chemicals used for farming (fertilisers and pesticides)
-landfill site waste
-sewage and toxic chemicals which can pollute waterways
-smoke and gases released into the atmosphere

38
Q

what is the impact of hunting?

A

species are hunted for specific use and if too many individuals are killed it can lead to extinction

  • Rhinos are hunted for the horns.
    -fishing on a large scale can reduce fish stocks
39
Q

what is the impact of extinction?

A

-reduces biodiversity
-can impact food chains
-individuals might rely on a certain species

40
Q

what are some ways of protecting biodiversity?

A

schemes which aid to prevent the introduction of harmful species that would threaten the local biodiversity

-protect areas like national parks and nature reserves and restrict the development of the land (e.g building houses on it)

-protect organisms in safe areas away from their natural habitat (e.g a zoo) they can be protected from harmful human activity e.g hunting and habitat destruction

41
Q

what are 4 ways that biodiversity benefits wildlife and humans?

A

-protects the human food supply
-ensures minimal damage to food chains- if one species goes extinct another one might also
-provides medicines- medicines mostly come from plants
-providing industrial materials and fuels- wood, paper, oils

42
Q

what is eco tourism?

A

tourism that aims to minimise it’s impact on the environment such as having a small amount of tourists visit at one time

43
Q

what is a benefit of ecotourism?

A

-brings money into areas which supports the local economy and helps fund conservation work.

-locals are often employed

-it promotes respect for the local environment

-ecotourism companies often run their own conservation schemes

44
Q

why is biodiversity so important?

A

It increases the stability of the ecosystem, so that changes are less likely to have adverse affects- if one organism becomes extinct others might aswell

Many species provide specific services for humans , such as pollination

Many of our medicine and drugs come from wild species and organisms

45
Q

what does inbreeding mean?

A

an organism that is prone to disease or birth defects because of animals (like siblings) being breeded for a certain characteristic

46
Q

why is biodiversity important?

A

it ensures that organisms have enough options for food and shelter- for example if the food that rabbits eat decreases then they will still have other options because of biodiversity

47
Q

in less biodiverse communities what happens?

A

the species become more reliant on each other which makes them vulnerable.

48
Q

what are breeding programmes?

A

programmes which try to help increase the number of endangered species by trying to breed them together

49
Q

what are reforestation programmes?

A

programmes which try to regrow forests and plant trees to increase biodiversity

50
Q

what is quarrying?

A

extracting materials from the ground

51
Q

what is logging?

A

cutting down trees to use the wood for things like making furniture

52
Q

what are the three main effects of deforestation?

A
  1. there are less trees which can photosynthesise which means not as much carbon dioxide will be taken out of the atmosphere- which means it will be left in the atmosphere- this can contribute to global warming
  2. forests can be cleared by burning- which releases carbon dioxide that was stored in the trees- this can cause global warming of suffocate animals
  3. habitats that used to have lots of biodiversity has now been destroyed.
53
Q

how is peat created?

A

when plants are fully decomposed in waterlogged earth. the peat therefore had carbon dioxide that was stored by the plants

54
Q

what are peat bogs usually used for?

A

post of the time the water is drained from them and used for land for cattle and farmland which releases stored carbon

55
Q

what is the other effect of using peat?

A

destroying or using peat destroys habitats of animals which reduces biodiversity.

56
Q

what two words describe the soil of peat bogs?

A

-acidic
-waterlogged

57
Q

how does draining peat bogs contribute to global warming?

A

-draining of water returns oxygen to the soil
-this means microorganisms can aerobically decompose the organic matter like plants which have stored carbon
-this releases co2

58
Q

what are the two main greenhouse gases?

A

-carbon dioxide
-methane

59
Q

what is climate change?

A

long term weather patterns

60
Q

what are the consequences of climate change?

A

weather events like droughts and hurricanes will become more common and also more severe

sea levels will rise- because high temps will cause ice to melt and when water is heated it expands.

-some species might not be able to get used to changing weather conditions and become extinct

Biology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions