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Biology > Biology B5 > Flashcards

Biology B5 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is continous variation?

A

characteristics like weight or height, which change gradually.

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2
Q

Which of the following provide evidence for the theory of evolution?

A

-the spread of antibiotic resistance
-fossil records

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3
Q

what is a mutation?

A

A change in the genetical material of an organism

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4
Q

Which two factors contribute to the variation between organisms?

A

-genes and environment

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5
Q

What is the correct order of groups in the Linnaean classification system?

A

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

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6
Q

What are the three domains?

A

Eukaryotes
archae
bacteria

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7
Q

Are the cells produced by meiosis genetically identical to each other, or genetically unique?

A

genetically unique

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8
Q

As a result of meiosis, how many cells are produced?

A

4

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9
Q

What does the term ‘haploid’ mean?

A

A cell that only has half the normal amount of genetic material

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10
Q

Are gametes haploid cells?

A

yes

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11
Q

How many chromosomes does a human gamete have?

A

23

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12
Q

what is evolution?

A

the process by which the inherited characteristics of a population change over time due to natural selection.

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13
Q

what is an allele?

A

one form of a gene

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14
Q

what is an amino acid?

A

the building blocks of protein

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15
Q

what is asexual reproduction?

A

producing offspring without fertillisation, by mitosis

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16
Q

what is cystic fibrosis?

A

genetic disease caused by recessive allele. makes mucus thick and sticky and produces excess in the lungs

17
Q

what is maeiosis?

A

division of cells to make gametes. the cells only produce one set of chromosomes

18
Q

what is polydactyl?

A

genetic disease caused by dominant allele. results in extra fingers

19
Q

what is a genotype?

A

what two versions of a gene you have

20
Q

what is the name given to the genetic makeup of an organism?

A

genotype

21
Q

what is another name for allele?

A

variant

22
Q

what is the name of a cell that has normal amount of genetic material from mother and father?

A

diploid cell

23
Q

which type of reproduction requires less time and energy?

A

asexual

24
Q

what is formed when two haploid cells combine?

A

diploid cell

25
Q

What is formed when two haploid nuclei fuse?

A

diploid

26
Q

what is evolution?

A

the process by which inherited charcteristics of a population change due to natural selection

27
Q

what is antibiotic resistance?

A

the bacteria is able to resist antbiotics-
able to survive and lives for longer and reproduces.
this leads to the resistant variantbeing passed on

28
Q

how does anitibiotic resistance prove for evolution?

A

there is a change in the inherited characteristics of a population over time due to natural selection

29
Q

what is a genome?

A

the entire genetic material of an organism

30
Q

what is a gene?

A

a short length of a chromosome

31
Q

what is discontinous variation?

A

two or more distinct categories

32
Q

what happens during fertilisation?

A

a male gamete fuses with a female gamete to produce a fertilised egg

33
Q

what happens during meiosis?

A
  1. DNA is duplicated
  2. one arm of each x-shaped chromosome is exactly the same
  3. the chromosomes line up in pairs at the centre
  4. the pairs are pulled apart
  5. each new cell has a mixture of the mother and fathers chromosomes
  6. second division: chromosomes line up again at the center of the cell
  7. the arms of the chromosomes are pulled apart
  8. you have four haploid gametes
34
Q

what is classification?

A

scientists classifying organisms into groups based on similarities and differences

35
Q

by arranging fossils chronological order what can we see?

A

gradual changes in organism which provides evidence for evolution because it shows how species have changed and developed over many years

36
Q

how does antibiotic resistance arise?

A
  • a random mutation causes the bacterium to become resistant to antibiotics
    -when the antibiotic is used, all the bacteria that are not resistant to antibiotics die
    -the ones with the mutation live on and reproduce, and pass the antibiotic resistance to other bacterium until the whole population is resistance to antibiotics.
37
Q

how is an organism named?

A

using it’s genus and species

38
Q

what is the difference between artificial and natural classification?

A

artificial is based on making observations but natural is based on seeing evolutionary relationships between animals- so similar features that change overtime.

Biology (4 decks)

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