Biology B5

Question 1

what is continous variation?

Answer 1

characteristics like weight or height, which change gradually.

Question 2

Which of the following provide evidence for the theory of evolution?

Answer 2

-the spread of antibiotic resistance
-fossil records

Question 3

what is a mutation?

Answer 3

A change in the genetical material of an organism

Question 4

Which two factors contribute to the variation between organisms?

Answer 4

-genes and environment

Question 5

What is the correct order of groups in the Linnaean classification system?

Answer 5

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

Question 6

What are the three domains?

Answer 6

Eukaryotes
archae
bacteria

Question 7

Are the cells produced by meiosis genetically identical to each other, or genetically unique?

Answer 7

genetically unique

Question 8

As a result of meiosis, how many cells are produced?

Answer 8

4

Question 9

What does the term ‘haploid’ mean?

Answer 9

A cell that only has half the normal amount of genetic material

Question 10

Are gametes haploid cells?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

How many chromosomes does a human gamete have?

Answer 11

23

Question 12

what is evolution?

Answer 12

the process by which the inherited characteristics of a population change over time due to natural selection.

Question 13

what is an allele?

Answer 13

one form of a gene

Question 14

what is an amino acid?

Answer 14

the building blocks of protein

Question 15

what is asexual reproduction?

Answer 15

producing offspring without fertillisation, by mitosis

Question 16

what is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 16

genetic disease caused by recessive allele. makes mucus thick and sticky and produces excess in the lungs

Question 17

what is maeiosis?

Answer 17

division of cells to make gametes. the cells only produce one set of chromosomes

Question 18

what is polydactyl?

Answer 18

genetic disease caused by dominant allele. results in extra fingers

Question 19

what is a genotype?

Answer 19

what two versions of a gene you have

Question 20

what is the name given to the genetic makeup of an organism?

Answer 20

genotype

Question 21

what is another name for allele?

Answer 21

variant

Question 22

what is the name of a cell that has normal amount of genetic material from mother and father?

Answer 22

diploid cell

Question 23

which type of reproduction requires less time and energy?

Answer 23

asexual

Question 24

what is formed when two haploid cells combine?

Answer 24

diploid cell

Question 25

What is formed when two haploid nuclei fuse?

Answer 25

diploid

Question 26

what is evolution?

Answer 26

the process by which inherited charcteristics of a population change due to natural selection

Question 27

what is antibiotic resistance?

Answer 27

the bacteria is able to resist antbiotics- able to survive and lives for longer and reproduces. this leads to the resistant variantbeing passed on

Question 28

how does anitibiotic resistance prove for evolution?

Answer 28

there is a change in the inherited characteristics of a population over time due to natural selection

Question 29

what is a genome?

Answer 29

the entire genetic material of an organism

Question 30

what is a gene?

Answer 30

a short length of a chromosome

Question 31

what is discontinous variation?

Answer 31

two or more distinct categories

Question 32

what happens during fertilisation?

Answer 32

a male gamete fuses with a female gamete to produce a fertilised egg

Question 33

what happens during meiosis?

Answer 33

1. DNA is duplicated 2. one arm of each x-shaped chromosome is exactly the same 3. the chromosomes line up in pairs at the centre 4. the pairs are pulled apart 5. each new cell has a mixture of the mother and fathers chromosomes 6. second division: chromosomes line up again at the center of the cell 7. the arms of the chromosomes are pulled apart 8. you have four haploid gametes

Question 34

what is classification?

Answer 34

scientists classifying organisms into groups based on similarities and differences

Question 35

by arranging fossils chronological order what can we see?

Answer 35

gradual changes in organism which provides evidence for evolution because it shows how species have changed and developed over many years

Question 36

how does antibiotic resistance arise?

Answer 36

- a random mutation causes the bacterium to become resistant to antibiotics -when the antibiotic is used, all the bacteria that are not resistant to antibiotics die -the ones with the mutation live on and reproduce, and pass the antibiotic resistance to other bacterium until the whole population is resistance to antibiotics.

Question 37

how is an organism named?

Answer 37

using it's genus and species

Question 38

what is the difference between artificial and natural classification?

Answer 38

artificial is based on making observations but natural is based on seeing evolutionary relationships between animals- so similar features that change overtime.