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Weeds > Environmental Weeds > Flashcards

Environmental Weeds Flashcards

1
Q

Types of environmental weeds

A

Herbs, trees, shrubs, grasses, creepers, suculents

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2
Q

Potential Damage of Enviro Weeds

A

Decrease Biodiversity - Invade, suppress, exclude native veg, increase fuel load, d.c. amenity

Loss of ecosystem function - alter ecology - water, nuts.

Translocated native plants- coota wattle, costal tea tree

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3
Q

What promotes invasion

A

Soil disturbance - fire, flood, storms, wind, roads, forestry

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4
Q

ideal invasive attributes

A 
Highly reproductive and short repro cycle
Efficient dispersal
Lack of natural controls
long term survivability
rapid growth
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5
Q

Management dilemma faced with enviro weeds weeds

A

What is cost of damage and control

Who pays

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6
Q

Aims of controlling enviro weeds 4

A

Preserve and enhance ecological value
Effectively control spread
Manage enviro to prevent incursion of new weed
Rehabilitate disturbed ecosystem

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7
Q

Explain what the aims should be in controlling environmental weeds

A 
ID species
Minimise disturbance
Time treatments to maximise results
Re eatablish appropriate species
Integrte controls and reduce adverse affects
Monitor and evaluate
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8
Q

Describe some of the IWM control options for environmental weeds

A 
Manual
Herbicides
Fire
Grazubg
Mechanical
Biological
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9
Q

Advantages of Manual removal

A

Selective
Minimise disturbance and risk to native veg
Prevent seeding and spread
Effective for small infestations

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10
Q

Dis of Manual removal

A

Timing limitations
Can spread weeds
Iappropriate for some weeds
Labor intensive and costly

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11
Q

Herbicide Ad

A 
Large infestations
Can be selective
Can prevent seeding and spread
Decrease fuel load
Cheaper
Minimise soil disturbance
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12
Q

Dis ad Herbicides

A

Can be non-selective and damage native plants
Can increase fuel loads
Skill required
Operator and public hazards

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13
Q

Types of herbicide control

A 
Aerial
Boom
Basal bark spray
Foliar spot spray
Cut stump and paint
Stem injection
Frill cut and treat
Ganule application
Weed wiper
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14
Q

Fire ad and dis ad

A

Cheap
Difficult to control
Timing important for growth stage

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15
Q

Grazing control

A 
NA in NP
Goats or steers
Palatibility and toxicity
Trampling
Non-selective
Can spread weeds
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16
Q

Mechanical

A

Cutting
Mowing
Slashing
Temporary

17
Q

Ad of Biological control of weeds

A

Selective
Can suppress growth and spread
Value for money
Minimal field labour and enviro effects

18
Q

Dis ad of Biological control of weeds

A 
TIming limitations
Variable results
Doesn't eliminate weeds
Other controls required
Expensive to develop
19
Q

Burning residues success of reducing weeds

A

50%

20
Q

Cultivation success of reducing weeds

A

0-90%

21
Q

Clean seed success of reducing weeds

A

85%

22
Q

Increase crop competitions success of reducing weeds

A

50% sowing rates high
Add N
Decrease row spcing

23
Q

Early Post Emergent Strategy success of reducing weeds

A

90%
A and B
Achieve, Cheetah gold

24
Q

Late post Emergent success of reducing weeds

A

Hay/silage 80%
Manuring 90%
Pre harvest herbicide 70%

25
Q

Explain what environmental weeds are

A

Invade natural ecosystem - relatively undisturbed

26
Q

Outline what is meant by the Bradley method

A

Work from minimally disturbed sites in towards most weed-infested crops
Minimise disturbance of soil
Allow rate of native plant regeneration to dictate rate of weed removal

27
Q

Follow up Bradley Methos

A 
Prevent weed regrowth
Promote desirable species
Remove vacant niches
Long term input required
Monitor and evaluate
28
Q

Annual Ryegrass IWM

A 
Pre Sowing
Earling Post Emergent
Late post emergent
Harvest Strategies
Rotational Strategies
29
Q

Pre sowing Strategies

A 
Burning ResiduesCultivationDelayed sowing
Clean Seed
Increase crop competition
Pre Sowing Herbicide
Pre Emergent Herd
30
Q

Pre Sowing Herb %

A

Double knock 95%

31
Q

Chaff Collection %

Straw and Chaff Windrows

A

65%

32
Q

Rotational Stategies

A

Other Crops- Herb resistance Canola
Green//brown manure
Hay/silage
Pasture - grazing management, winter clean,, spray topping

33
Q

Serated Tussock Prevent ion

A

Clean vehicles
Prevent animal movement
Reduce wind
Prevent feed contamination

34
Q

Steps to control Tussock

A 
Seed bank management
Target seedling
Prevent seed set
Prevent seed spread
Increase ground cover
35
Q

Contro; techniques of tussock

A 
Glyphosate, 2,2, DPA
Manual
Grazing management
Crpping
fire
Native Revegetation- plant to trees, doesnt grow in shade

Weeds (12 decks)

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