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City And Guild Second Edition: for the Level 3 Apprenticeships (5357 and 5393), Level 3 Advanced Technical Diploma (8202), Level 3 Diploma (2365): > Environmental technologies > Flashcards

Environmental technologies Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the purpose of permitted development in the context of building regulations?

A

To allow certain building work without needing planning permission.

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2
Q

Which act brought microgeneration under the requirements of the Building Regulations in the UK?

A

The Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act 2006.

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3
Q

Who is responsible for ensuring that Building Regulations have been met during the installation of microrenewable technologies?

A

The installer.

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4
Q

What are the key components of a solar thermal hot-water system?

A

A solar thermal collector, a differential temperature controller, and a hot-water storage cylinder.

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5
Q

Which part of the Building Regulations in England focuses on ventilation in buildings?

A

Part F

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6
Q

What is the primary source of energy for a solar thermal hot-water system?

A

Solar radiation

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7
Q

Which term refers to the small-scale generation of heat or electric power by individuals, small businesses, and communities?

A

Microgeneration

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8
Q

What is the purpose of a differential temperature controller in a solar thermal hot-water system?

A

To regulate the temperature of the hot water

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9
Q

Which part of the Building Regulations in England deals with the conservation of fuel and power?

A

Part L

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10
Q

What is the role of Local Authority Building Control (LABC) in the context of Building Regulations?

A

Checking for compliance with Building Regulations.

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11
Q

What is the primary purpose of Permitted Development in the context of building regulations?

A

To streamline the planning application process.

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12
Q

Which organization is responsible for checking compliance with Building Regulations in the UK?

A

Local Authority Building Control (LABC)

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13
Q

What is the purpose of an Approved Document in relation to Building Regulations in England?

A

To serve as a non-statutory guideline on how to comply with statutory requirements.

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14
Q

In England, which part of the Building Regulations focuses on drainage and waste disposal in buildings?

A

Part H

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15
Q

Which term describes the small-scale generation of electric power or heat for self-use, as an alternative to grid-connected power?

A

Microgeneration

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16
Q

Which technology uses solar radiation to produce heat directly or indirectly?

A

Solar thermal (hot-water) systems

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17
Q

In the UK, which Part of the Building Regulations deals with electrical safety in buildings?

A

Part P

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18
Q

What is the primary purpose of a circulating pump in a solar thermal hot-water system?

A

To transport solar radiation from the collector to the storage cylinder

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19
Q

Which Act in the UK brought microgeneration under the purview of the Building Regulations?

A

The Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act 2006

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20
Q

Which Building Regulations in England focus on the structure of buildings?

A

Part A

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21
Q

What is the primary function of a solar thermal collector?

A

To absorb heat radiation from the Sun

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22
Q

Which of the following statements is true about flat-plate collectors compared to evacuated-tube collectors?

A

Flat-plate collectors are less efficient but cheaper.

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23
Q

What is the primary purpose of insulation in a flat-plate solar thermal collector?

A

To prevent heat from escaping

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24
Q

: In an evacuated-tube collector, what is the role of the heat tube containing methanol?

A

To transfer heat to the heat-transfer fluid

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25
Q

What happens to the methanol vapor in the heat tubes of an evacuated-tube collector when it is heated?

A

It condenses and flows down the tubes.

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26
Q

In which type of cylinder does the lower coil represent the solar heating circuit?

A

Twin-coil cylinder

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27
Q

What distinguishes a direct system from an indirect system in solar thermal hot-water systems?

A

In a direct system, the hot water for taps circulates through the solar collector.

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28
Q

What serves as the auxiliary heat source when there is insufficient solar energy available for hot water?

A

Electric immersion heaters

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29
Q

What is the ideal orientation for solar collectors to maximize efficiency?

A

Due south

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30
Q

What percentage of sunlight blockage can significantly reduce a solar collector’s efficiency?

A

35%

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31
Q

Which Part of the Building Regulations in the UK deals with energy efficiency and fuel conservation?

A

Part L

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32
Q

What type of solar thermal collector is generally considered more efficient but also more expensive?

A

Evacuated-tube collector

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33
Q

Which component of a solar thermal system is responsible for circulating the heat-transfer fluid in the solar hot-water circuit?

A

Circulating pump

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34
Q

In a twin-coil cylinder, which coil represents the auxiliary heating circuit?

A

Upper coil

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35
Q

What is the ideal angle for solar collectors in the UK to maximize their efficiency?

A

35 degrees

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36
Q

What is the primary purpose of a differential temperature controller (DTC) in a solar thermal system?

A

To control the temperature difference between the collector and hot-water storage

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37
Q

What type of water is typically used as the heat-transfer fluid in solar thermal systems?

A

Water mixed with antifreeze (glycol)

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38
Q

In a direct system, what circulates through the solar collector and is drawn off at the taps?

A

The same water used for taps

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39
Q

Which regulatory document outlines the wiring regulations for solar thermal systems?

A

BS 7671: 2018 (2022) The IET Wiring Regulations

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40
Q

What is one of the advantages of solar thermal hot-water systems?

A

Reduced CO2 emissions

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41
Q

What is the primary purpose of a heat pump?

A

To extract and transfer heat energy

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42
Q

At what temperature does heat energy cease to exist in a system?

A

-273°C

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43
Q

What is the primary role of the compressor in a heat pump?

A

To compress the refrigerant and raise its temperature

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44
Q

How does heat move according to the basic rule of heat transfer?

A

From warmer spaces to colder spaces

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45
Q

What is the efficiency of a heat pump typically measured with?

A

Coefficient of Performance (COP)

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46
Q

Which type of heat pump is more efficient in milder weather conditions?

A

Air-source heat pump (ASHP)

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47
Q

What is the purpose of a buffer tank in a heat pump system?

A

To allow continuous operation and store excess heat

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48
Q

What is the primary advantage of using under-floor heating with a ground-source heat pump (GSHP)?

A

Higher heat output

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49
Q

Which component of a heat pump system can provide cooling during the summer by reversing the refrigeration process?

A

Compressor

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50
Q

What is the primary source of heat energy that heat pumps extract and transfer?

A

Air or ground

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51
Q

What role does the refrigerant play in a heat pump system?

A

Absorbing and releasing heat

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52
Q

What does COP stand for in the context of heat pump efficiency?

A

Coefficient of Performance

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53
Q

In what situation does a heat pump work most efficiently?

A

In mild weather

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54
Q

What is the primary function of a buffer tank in a heat pump system?

A

To maintain continuous operation

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55
Q

Which type of heat pump is suitable for both heating and cooling applications?

A

Air-source heat pump (ASHP)

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56
Q

What is the primary advantage of using low-temperature radiators with a ground-source heat pump (GSHP)?

A

Reduced maintenance costs

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57
Q

Which component of a heat pump system is responsible for extracting heat from the ground?

A

Heat-collection loops and a pump

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58
Q

In a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system, how are the heat-collection loops typically installed?

A

In horizontal trenches

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59
Q

What temperature does the heat output from a ground-source heat pump (GSHP) typically reach?

A

40°C

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60
Q

What is the primary source of heat energy that air-source heat pumps extract and release?

A

Low-temperature air

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61
Q

What are the key components of an air-source heat pump (ASHP)?

A

A heat exchanger, a compressor, and an expansion valve

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62
Q

How does an air-source heat pump (ASHP) work in relation to a refrigerator?

A

ASHP releases heat to the outside like a refrigerator

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63
Q

What type of heating system is ideally suited to be coupled with an air-source heat pump (ASHP)?

A

Under-floor heating or warm-air heating

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64
Q

In what type of premises are air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) an ideal solution?

A

New-build properties with high insulation levels and under-floor heating

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65
Q

Under what conditions is planning permission typically required for the installation of an air-source heat pump (ASHP)?

A

Only for listed buildings or buildings in conservation areas

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66
Q

What is the primary disadvantage of air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) compared to ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs)?

A

Lower efficiency in mild weather

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67
Q

Why do air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) generate noise?

A

Due to the fans

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68
Q

What does COP stand for in the context of air-source heat pump efficiency?

A

Coefficient of Performance

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69
Q

What is the primary advantage of air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) compared to ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs)?

A

Lower installation costs

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70
Q

Which of the following is NOT a key component of an air-source heat pump (ASHP)?

A

Buffer tank

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71
Q

What is the primary disadvantage of air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) during the winter?

A

Reduced efficiency

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72
Q

Which type of heat emitters (heating devices) is most suitable for use with an air-source heat pump (ASHP)?

A

Under-floor heating

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72
Q

Why is an ASHP more efficient in mild weather compared to cold weather?

A

The heat source is colder in mild weather

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73
Q

In which type of building are air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) typically NOT recommended?

A

Buildings in conservation areas

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74
Q

What is the purpose of the expansion valve in an air-source heat pump (ASHP)?

A

To lower the refrigerant’s pressure and temperature

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75
Q

What does the acronym MCS stand for in the context of ASHP planning standards?

A

Microgeneration Certification Scheme

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76
Q

What type of heating system is NOT suitable for coupling with an air-source heat pump (ASHP)?

A

Gas-fired boiler

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77
Q

Which of the following is a disadvantage of air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) compared to ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs)?

A

Incompatibility with existing heating systems

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78
Q

What is the purpose of a defrost cycle in an air-source heat pump (ASHP)?

A

To keep the evaporator from freezing

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79
Q

What is the primary advantage of air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) over traditional gas or oil boilers in terms of environmental impact?

A

Reduced carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions

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80
Q

What is the major difference between biomass and fossil fuels?

A

Biomass is carbon-neutral, while fossil fuels are not.

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81
Q

Why is biomass considered a renewable energy technology?

A

It can be replenished as long as demand does not exceed replacement time.

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82
Q

What is a disadvantage of biomass compared to fossil fuels regarding heat output?

A

Biomass requires a greater quantity to achieve the same heat output.

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83
Q

Which of the following is NOT a class of biomass raw material that can be turned into biomass fuels?

A

Natural gas

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84
Q

What is the primary factor affecting the calorific value of woody biomass?

A

The moisture content of the wood

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85
Q

How do woody biomass boilers transfer heat to the central heating system?

A

Through a heat exchanger

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86
Q

In what circumstances would planning permission be required for the installation of a biomass boiler?

A

Only if the installation involves external work

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87
Q

What is an “exempt appliance” in the context of biomass heating?

A

An appliance designed to burn specific fuels without emitting smoke

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88
Q

What are the advantages of biomass fuels?

A

Carbon neutrality, sustainability, low greenhouse gas emissions

89
Q

Which of the following is NOT an electricity-producing micro-renewable energy technology discussed in the section?

A

Geothermal

90
Q

What is the main environmental concern associated with the use of biomass fuels?

A

Greenhouse gas emissions

91
Q

How does the calorific value of woody biomass change with moisture content?

A

It decreases with higher moisture content.

92
Q

What is the purpose of an inverter in an off-grid electricity-producing micro-renewable energy system?

A

To convert DC electricity to AC electricity

93
Q

What is the significance of deep-cycle batteries in off-grid electricity-producing micro-renewable energy systems?

A

They can efficiently store and release electricity.

94
Q

In on-grid electricity-producing micro-renewable energy systems, what happens to excess electricity generated?

A

It is exported back to the grid.

95
Q

What type of connection exists in an off-grid electricity-producing micro-renewable energy system?

A

Off-grid connection

96
Q

Why was the Clean Air Act of 1956 introduced in the United Kingdom?

A

To address poor air quality caused by smog from coal burning

97
Q

What is the primary advantage of electricity-producing micro-renewable energy technologies over traditional fossil fuel-based electricity generation?

A

They produce no carbon emissions.

98
Q

What is the lifespan of typical deep-cycle batteries used in off-grid renewable energy systems?

A

5 years

99
Q

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of using biomass for heat production compared to using a gas boiler?

A

Biomass is not carbon-neutral.

100
Q

What is the primary function of a solar photovoltaic (PV) cell?

A

To convert light into electricity

101
Q

Which semiconductor material is most commonly used in the production of PV cells?

A

Silicon

102
Q

What type of semiconductor material is created by adding an impurity to silicon through the process of “doping”?

A

n-type semiconductor

103
Q

How is the voltage generated in a photovoltaic cell when exposed to photons?

A

Photons allow electrons to overcome their bonds and generate voltage.

104
Q

What is the primary purpose of connecting PV modules in series to create “strings”?

A

To increase the voltage output

105
Q

In which type of PV system are PV modules used to charge batteries?

A

Off-grid systems

106
Q

What is the key function of an inverter in a PV system?

A

To convert DC electricity to AC electricity

107
Q

What is the primary purpose of a generation meter in a PV system?

A

To record the number of units generated

108
Q

Which direction is considered optimum for the solar collectors (PV modules) to face in the UK?

A

Due south

109
Q

What factor is responsible for reducing the efficiency of a PV system that does not face due south?

A

Shade

110
Q

In which direction should PV modules ideally face to maximize energy generation throughout the day?

A

Due south

111
Q

What is the maximum theoretical efficiency that can be obtained with a single junction silicon cell?

A

34%

112
Q

Which type of PV module has the advantage of flexibility and is ideal for non-flat surfaces?

A

Amorphous film

113
Q

What component of a PV system converts the DC input to a 230 V AC output?

A

Inverter

114
Q

What type of connection is typically used to connect a PV system to the grid supply within domestic premises?

A

Grid-tied connection

115
Q

What is the purpose of an isolator in a PV system?

A

To allow isolation for maintenance

116
Q

Under what circumstances might planning permission not be required for the installation of a PV system on a dwelling house?

A

If specific criteria are met

117
Q

In which case is planning permission typically required for a PV system installation?

A

On a dwelling house in a conservation area

118
Q

What is the maximum allowable height for a stand-alone PV array in the UK?

A

4 meters

119
Q

What direction should a PV array face to achieve the most efficient energy generation in the UK?

A

South

120
Q

In an on-grid PV system, what is the primary purpose of AC cabling?

A

To synchronize with the mains supply frequency

121
Q

What is the main function of tracking systems in PV mounting systems?

A

To change both azimuth and tilt to track the Sun’s position

122
Q

Why are on-roof PV systems commonly used for retrofit installations?

A

They do not require additional mounting systems.

123
Q

What is the function of DC isolators in a PV system?

A

To allow isolation for maintenance or emergencies

124
Q

Which PV system type is ideal for locations with no mains supply and relatively small power demand?

A

Off-grid system

125
Q

What is the primary purpose of deep-discharge batteries in an off-grid PV system?

A

To store excess electricity

126
Q

In a PV system, what does “wind uplift” refer to?

A

The force exerted by the wind on the module and mounting system

127
Q

Which type of PV module is known for its higher efficiency but is generally more expensive to purchase?

A

Monocrystalline modules

128
Q

What is the primary purpose of the isolator at the intake position in a PV system connected to the grid?

A

To isolate the PV system from the grid for safety or maintenance

129
Q

In a PV system, what determines the suitability of a location for installation?

A

Factors such as orientation, shading, and location within the UK

130
Q

What is one advantage of solar PV systems?

A

They use zero-carbon technology.

131
Q

What is a disadvantage of solar PV systems?

A

They give variable output dependent on sunshine.

132
Q

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of solar PV systems?

A

Reduction in electricity imported

133
Q

What is an advantage of micro-wind systems?

A

They produce no CO2 emissions.

134
Q

Which of the following is a disadvantage of micro-wind systems?

A

They have high initial costs.

135
Q

What is an important consideration when installing a micro-wind turbine?

A

Turbine vibration should be addressed.

136
Q

When can permitted development apply to building-mounted wind turbines?

A

Only for detached premises

137
Q

What is NOT a condition for permitted development of wind turbines?

A

Minimum distance of 2 m from the boundary

138
Q

Which of the following is an advantage of solar PV systems related to electricity generation?

A

They generate electricity even on cloudy days.

139
Q

What is a primary disadvantage of solar PV systems in terms of aesthetics?

A

They can detract from the building’s visual appeal.

140
Q

Which aspect of solar PV systems contributes to reducing electricity bills?

A

Selling excess electricity to the grid

141
Q

Why can micro-wind systems be particularly effective in the UK?

A

The UK experiences strong Atlantic winds.

142
Q

What is a common drawback of micro-wind systems related to their performance?

A

Dependence on wind availability

143
Q

Why might micro-wind turbines cause shadow flicker?

A

Because their blades obstruct sunlight

144
Q

In which season do micro-wind systems tend to produce the most energy?

A

Winter

145
Q

What is an essential consideration when installing a micro-wind turbine in terms of noise?

A

Turbine noise can affect nearby buildings.

146
Q

Which of the following is NOT a factor considered for permitted development of wind turbines?

A

Location within a national park

147
Q

What is the main advantage of micro-wind systems in areas without access to mains electricity?

A

They can provide an independent source of electricity.

148
Q

What is the primary benefit of selling excess electricity generated by solar PV systems back to the grid?

A

It reduces the amount of electricity imported.

149
Q

Why is it important to consider the average wind speed when determining the suitability of a location for a micro-wind turbine?

A

Wind turbines work best at higher wind speeds.

150
Q

What is the primary source of kinetic energy harnessed by micro-hydro-electric generation?

A

Water flow from higher to lower levels

151
Q

In micro-hydro systems, what is the purpose of the forebay?

A

To ensure the penstock remains pressurized and handle surges in demand

152
Q

What is “gross head” when determining the suitability of a water source for hydro-electric generation?

A

The vertical height difference between the inlet and outlet positions

153
Q

Which of the following is a classification of head height typically used when assessing water sources for micro-hydro systems?

A

Medium head, 10–50 m

154
Q

What is “net head” used for in micro-hydro calculations?

A

It calculates potential power generation, accounting for losses due to friction.

155
Q

Which type of turbine is typically used with high-head water sources?

A

Pelton turbine

156
Q

What is the primary advantage of the reverse Archimedes’ screw turbine?

A

It is suitable for fish migration.

157
Q

Why is planning permission required for micro-hydro schemes?

A

To consider environmental impacts and measures to minimize them

158
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the regulatory requirements to consider for micro-hydro systems?

A

Traffic regulations

159
Q

What is a significant advantage of micro-hydro systems over some other microgeneration technologies?

A

They are not affected by weather conditions.

160
Q

What role does the penstock play in a micro-hydro system?

A

It connects the intake to the forebay.

161
Q

What is the primary purpose of an environmental statement in the context of a micro-hydro scheme?

A

To describe environmental impacts and mitigation measures.

162
Q

Which type of turbine is most suitable for low-head water sources?

A

Archimedes’ screw turbine

163
Q

Why is an impoundment licence required in micro-hydro systems?

A

To control the water flow within the main stream of water.

164
Q

What is a significant advantage of micro-hydro systems over other renewable energy sources like solar and wind?

A

They produce electricity year-round.

165
Q

What is the primary function of the tailrace in a micro-hydro system?

A

To return water exiting the turbines to the main stream or river

166
Q

Which type of turbine operates with water jets driving the runner and is typically used with high-head water sources?

A

Pelton turbine

167
Q

What is the main reason why planning permission is required for micro-hydro schemes?

A

To consider environmental impacts and minimize them

168
Q

What does “net head” take into account when calculating potential power generation in a micro-hydro system?

A

Losses due to friction in the penstock

169
Q

In a micro-hydro system, which type of turbine is most suitable for low-head water sources and is designed to be “fish-friendly”?

A

Archimedes’ screw turbine

170
Q

What is the primary function of an mCHP unit?

A

To generate heat as the primary function, with electricity generation as a secondary function.

171
Q

Which fuel sources are commonly used to power domestic mCHP units?

A

Natural gas and liquid propane gas (LPG)

172
Q

What is the main advantage of locally generated power by mCHP units?

A

It reduces transmission losses.

173
Q

What type of engine is typically used in domestic mCHP units to produce electricity?

A

Stirling engine

174
Q

In what type of building is an mCHP system most viable in terms of carbon savings?

A

Buildings with a high demand for space heating

175
Q

What is the primary function of the supplementary burner in an mCHP unit?

A

To provide backup heating when there is a high demand for heat

176
Q

What type of gas is typically used within a Stirling engine in an mCHP unit?

A

Helium

177
Q

Why is an mCHP system considered a carbon-reduction technology rather than a carbon-free technology?

A

It reduces carbon emissions compared to conventional power generation.

178
Q

What is the primary benefit of connecting an mCHP unit to the supply via a dedicated circuit?

A

It facilitates easy isolation of the generator from the incoming supply.

179
Q

In which type of building is an mCHP system least likely to be suitable?

A

Small, well-insulated buildings

180
Q

What is the primary advantage of using gas in an mCHP system for electricity generation?

A

Gas is cheaper than electricity, resulting in cost savings.

181
Q

What is the primary disadvantage of mCHP systems in terms of electricity generation capacity?

A

They have limited capacity for the generation of electricity.

182
Q

What is the primary purpose of an environmental statement in the context of mCHP system installation?

A

To describe environmental impacts and mitigation measures.

183
Q

In what type of location is a micro-CHP system typically powered by biomass fuels?

A

Rural areas

184
Q

What is the efficiency of an mCHP unit in terms of electricity generation compared to a modern condensing boiler?

A

Same efficiency

185
Q

What is the key component responsible for generating electricity in an mCHP unit?

A

Stirling engine generator

186
Q

Which type of engine is used in a Stirling engine generator in an mCHP unit?

A

None of the above (Stirling engines are distinct from internal combustion engines)

187
Q

What is the primary function of the engine burner in an mCHP unit when there is demand for heat?

A

To preheat the heating-system return water

188
Q

In terms of cost savings, why is locally generated power by mCHP units advantageous compared to using electricity from the grid?

A

Locally generated power reduces transmission losses.

189
Q

What is the main reason for using a Stirling engine in mCHP units?

A

Stirling engines are quieter.

190
Q

In which type of building is mCHP most likely to result in greater carbon savings?

A

Buildings with a high demand for space heating

191
Q

Why is planning permission not typically required for the installation of an mCHP unit inside a domestic dwelling?

A

The installation is considered a permitted development.

192
Q

What is one common perception about the climate of the UK mentioned in the text?

A

The UK has a lot of rain, especially in the west.

193
Q

Why are hose-pipe bans common in many parts of the UK during the summer months?

A

Because water supply systems are overwhelmed by increased demand.

194
Q

What are the two methods of water conservation discussed in the text?

A

Rainwater harvesting and reuse of greywater.

195
Q

What does a water bill typically consist of?

A

Charges for fresh water supplied and charges for sewage or waste water taken away.

196
Q

How can water conservation reduce the cost of water bills?

A

By reducing the demand for water.

197
Q

What percentage of an average household’s consumption is used for flushing toilets?

A

28.1%

198
Q

Why is rainwater considered a valuable resource for conservation?

A

Rainwater can replace wholesome water for various non-drinking purposes.

199
Q

What is the primary limitation of using rainwater for drinking purposes?

A

Rainwater is classified as ‘fluid category 5’ risk.

200
Q

What is the first step in the process of rainwater harvesting?

A

Collection

201
Q

What factors determine the amount of rainwater that can be collected during rainfall?

A

The size of the storage tank and the number of downpipes.

202
Q

What is the purpose of filtration in the rainwater harvesting process?

A

To remove debris and contaminants.

203
Q

what is the primary purpose of storage tanks in rainwater harvesting?

A

To protect rainwater from direct sunlight.

204
Q

How is the size of a rainwater storage tank typically determined?

A

Based on 5% of the annual rainwater supply or anticipated demand.

205
Q

What type of pump is used to transport rainwater from the storage tank to the point of demand?

A

Submersible pump

206
Q

What is the purpose of an overflow pipe in a rainwater storage tank?

A

To connect to the drainage system of the property.

207
Q

Which type of water is considered suitable for direct consumption in the UK?

A

Wholesome water

208
Q

What is the primary purpose of an indirect distribution system in greywater reuse?

A

To prevent cross-contamination with wholesome water.

209
Q

What is the primary method of treating greywater in a short-retention system?

A

Filtration

210
Q

Which system uses biological and physical methods to treat greywater?

A

Biomechanical system

211
Q

Why is an air gap maintained between wholesome water and greywater in greywater reuse systems?

A

To provide backflow prevention and avoid cross-contamination.

212
Q

What is the primary purpose of rainwater harvesting?

A

To reuse rainwater for various non-drinking purposes.

213
Q

What can rainwater harvested from hard standings, such as driveways, be contaminated with?

A

Organic matter and bacteria.

214
Q

Why is it essential to protect rainwater storage tanks from direct sunlight?

A

To prevent algae growth.

215
Q

Which of the following is NOT a suitable use for harvested rainwater?

A

Washing dishes

216
Q

What is the primary purpose of the short-retention system in greywater reuse?

A

To reduce water usage in toilets.

217
Q

In a biomechanical system for greywater reuse, which substances are filtered out during the treatment process?

A

Soap, detergents, and cosmetic products.

218
Q

Why is it essential to label outlets supplied with treated greywater and indicate that the water is not suitable for drinking?

A

To prevent cross-contamination with wholesome water.

219
Q

: What type of pump is typically used in a direct distribution system for greywater reuse?

A

Centrifugal pump

220
Q

Why are there long payback periods associated with greywater reuse systems?

A

Because of the initial high installation costs.

City And Guild Second Edition: for the Level 3 Apprenticeships (5357 and 5393), Level 3 Advanced Technical Diploma (8202), Level 3 Diploma (2365): (6 decks)

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