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City And Guild Second Edition: for the Level 3 Apprenticeships (5357 and 5393), Level 3 Advanced Technical Diploma (8202), Level 3 Diploma (2365): > Electrical Installation Design > Flashcards

Electrical Installation Design Flashcards

1
Q

What key factors must be considered in assessing supply details for an electrical installation design?

A

Live conductors, current, prospective fault current, and earthing arrangement

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2
Q

In a typical single-phase 230 V supply in the UK, how many live conductors are there?

A

Two

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3
Q

In the UK, what is the voltage for three-phase supplies without a neutral conductor?

A

400 V

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4
Q

Why are three-phase supplies preferred for larger installations requiring more than 100 A of power?

A

They are more energy-efficient.

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5
Q

What does the term “nominal voltage” refer to in electrical installations?

A

The voltage measured between live and earth in the UK

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6
Q

How does the real voltage in an installation relate to the nominal voltage?

A

The real voltage is always lower than the nominal voltage.

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7
Q

Which type of conductor arrangement is common in larger retail outlets and larger commercial or industrial buildings in the UK?

A

Three-phase with a neutral

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8
Q

What is the maximum current rating typically associated with small domestic-type installations in the UK?

A

100 A

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9
Q

In a three-phase and neutral supply in the UK, what are the voltages for line-to-neutral (L-N) and line-to-line (L-L)?

A

L-N: 230 V, L-L: 400 V

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10
Q

Which type of conductor arrangement is not very common in the UK due to the requirement for all circuits to be three-phase balanced loads?

A

Three-phase 400 V

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11
Q

According to UK regulations (BS 7671), where can you find diagrams of various conductor arrangements?

A

Chapter 31

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12
Q

What does the term “external impedance” refer to in the context of earthing arrangements?

A

Resistance between the installation and the substation transformer

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13
Q

why is it essential to know the supply details before designing an electrical installation?

A

To ensure the safety of the installation

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14
Q

In the UK, what is the primary difference between a single-phase 230 V supply and a three-phase 400 V supply?

A

The number of live conductors

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15
Q

What is the purpose of a neutral conductor in a three-phase and neutral supply (L-N : 400 V L-L) in the UK?

A

To balance the phases and carry unbalanced current

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16
Q

In an electrical installation located far from the substation transformer, how does the distance impact the real voltage compared to the nominal voltage?

A

The real voltage is lower as distance increases.

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17
Q

What is the purpose of using nominal (normal) values in electrical calculations?

A

To account for voltage variations due to demand and distance

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18
Q

Which of the following is NOT a common type of conductor arrangement in the UK?

A

Four-phase

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19
Q

What is the primary reason for using a three-phase supply for larger installations?

A

It provides better voltage regulation.

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20
Q

What is the maximum demand typically associated with most average-sized houses in the UK?

A

Less than 100 A

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21
Q

In larger installations with a maximum demand over 100 A, what is often used to distribute the load in the supply?

A

Three-phase supply

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22
Q

When a building needs a supply over 400 A per phase, what may be installed on-site to provide the required capacity?

A

A substation transformer

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23
Q

What factors govern the maximum demand for an electrical installation?

A

The size of the incoming supply cables

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24
Q

Why is it essential to check the supply capacity when adding to an existing electrical installation?

A

To prevent overload and ensure safety

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25
Q

hen a new building is to be given an electrical supply, what information does the Distribution Network Operator (DNO) need?

A

site plans, load requirements, and property details

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26
Q

What is the responsibility of the consumer once the electrical supply has been metered?

A

To pay the electricity bill and maintain the internal electrical system

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27
Q

In newer buildings, what component is often found between the meter and the consumer unit (CU)?

A

Isolation switch

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28
Q

What is the most common current rating for house supplies in the UK?

A

80 A

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29
Q

What term is used to describe the maximum demand in electrical installations?

A

Maximum demand

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30
Q

If a building needs a supply over 400 A per phase, what infrastructure might be added on-site?

A

Substation transformer

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31
Q

What governs the maximum demand for an electrical installation?

A

size of the incoming supply cables and the DNO’s service fuse rating

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32
Q

What kind of information does the Distribution Network Operator (DNO) need when providing a new electrical supply to a building?

A

Load requirements and property details

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33
Q

What is the primary role of a designer in the context of a new electrical installation?

A

To provide the DNO with the proposed maximum demand for the installation

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34
Q

In the UK, what is the most common earthing arrangement used in electrical installations?

A

TN-C-S

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35
Q

How does a Distribution Network Operator (DNO) seal their service fuse and meter connections?

A

With a small wire and a sealing crimp tool

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36
Q

Why are tails insulated and sheathed in electrical installations?

A

To improve mechanical protection

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37
Q

What is the primary reason for having two layers of insulating material on tails?

A

To improve protection and reduce the risk of electric shock

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38
Q

In what location should tails have insulation and sheathing extending up to?

A

B) The point where they connect to the main switch inside the consumer control unit

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39
Q

What type of cable should be used for tails when the consumer control unit (CU) is located away from the meter point?

A

Steel-wire armour cable

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40
Q

What determines the cross-sectional area (csa) of tails in an electrical installation?

A

The intended maximum demand or the stipulation of the DNO

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41
Q

According to Regulation 522.8.5, how should meter tails be supported to avoid undue strain on terminations?

A

By supporting them with clips or cleats

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42
Q

What are the three common circuit arrangements in electrical installations?

A

Radial power circuits, ring-final circuits, and radial lighting circuits

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43
Q

What is a major advantage of using radial power circuits?

A

he cable csa is designed to match the load and protective device

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44
Q

In a ring-final circuit, what happens if a fault occurs, such as a loose connection (open circuit)?

A

The equipment continues to function

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45
Q

What type of circuit should be used for lighting circuits that primarily use energy-efficient LED lighting?

A

3 A rated circuits

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46
Q

What is the primary purpose of a ring-final circuit in the UK?

A

To supply socket outlets with conveniently placed outlets

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47
Q

Which of the following statements about ring-final circuits is true?

A

Ring-final circuits can supply an unlimited number of outlets in a maximum floor area of 100 m2.

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48
Q

What is a “spur” in the context of electrical circuits?

A

A branch circuit

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49
Q

Why is it recommended to minimize the use of spurs in electrical circuits?

A

Too many spurs can make fault detection harder

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50
Q

What are some disadvantages of ring-final circuits?

A

Overloaded circuit conductors may not be detected.

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51
Q

What rating are lighting circuits generally rated at in the UK?

A

6 A

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52
Q

In what situations might lighting circuits be wired using the “three-plate” method?

A

C) When using composite cables

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53
Q

What is the advantage of installing the “three-plate” at a switch instead of at a light point?

A

It reduces the number of connections at luminaires.

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54
Q

How are additional light points typically added to a lighting circuit wired in the “three-plate” method?

A

By looping off the ceiling rose

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55
Q

What should be considered when selecting the rating for lighting circuits in installations using energy-efficient LED lighting?

A

The energy consumption of the LED lights

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56
Q

What is the primary advantage of using the conduit method for wiring?

A

It allows for direct drawing of cables without breaking at light points.

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57
Q

How can lighting circuits be efficiently controlled for energy conservation?

A

By arranging automated switching devices.

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58
Q

What does diversity take into account when sizing distribution circuits?

A

The fact that not all loads will be fully loaded simultaneously.

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59
Q

Final circuits are NOT typically subjected to:

A

Diversity considerations.

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60
Q

which term is used to describe a circuit used for remote switching or monitoring?

A

Auxiliary circuit.

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61
Q

What is the primary reason for dividing an electrical installation into circuits?

A

To minimize danger or inconvenience in case of a fault.

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62
Q

What type of wiring system is suitable for distributing large cables around a building or site?

A

Cable ladder, cable tray, cable brackets.

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62
Q

What is the purpose of essential circuits in an electrical installation?

A

To provide power to equipment like IT systems in case of power loss.

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62
Q

Which external influence should be considered when selecting a wiring system?

A

Ambient temperature.

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63
Q

Which wiring system is commonly adopted in industrial premises where the presence of cables is acceptable?

A

Clipped direct sheathed with armor.

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63
Q

What is the primary purpose of distribution circuits in electrical installations?

A

To reduce the length of final circuits.

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63
Q

Which of the following is NOT a method for achieving energy efficiency in lighting circuits?

A

Increasing the number of lighting points.

63
Q

Which term describes a circuit that requires additional protective measures and separation from other circuits, typically used for fire alarms and emergency systems?

A

Safety circuit.

63
Q

In which type of wiring system should cables be enclosed in a conduit or duct when buried underground?

A

Buried cables.

64
Q

Which wiring system is suitable for electricity supply distribution in rural areas and is typically mounted on insulators?

A

On insulators.

65
Q

What external influence is especially relevant when selecting wiring systems for corrosive environments, such as a plating plant?

A

Corrosive or polluting substances.

66
Q

What type of circuit is used for electric vehicle charging equipment in new build housing with accessible parking facilities?

A

Electric vehicle (EV) charging circuit.

66
Q

Which factor is NOT typically considered when selecting a wiring system or method of containment?

A

Cable color.

67
Q

What is the term for the proper disconnection of protective devices to avoid unnecessary disconnection of unaffected parts of the system during a fault or overload?

A

Selectivity.

68
Q

How can selectivity be achieved for fuses in series?

A

By ensuring the upstream device rating is more than twice that of the downstream device.

68
Q

Under what conditions is selectivity required for protective devices?

A

Under normal load conditions and overcurrent conditions.

69
Q

Why might there be no selectivity between circuit breakers, even if their ratings differ?

A

Because circuit breakers have a high breaking capacity.

69
Q

What category is used to classify switchgear usage, indicating the expected duty of the device?

A

AC-21b.

69
Q

Why is it important to use devices correctly rated for their expected use as isolators or switches?

A

To ensure safety and prevent failure.

69
Q

Why should protective devices be selected carefully for isolation and switching?

A

To ensure they are rated for their expected use.

70
Q

In a domestic dwelling, what type of main switch is required in the consumer unit (CU)?

A

Double-pole main switch.

71
Q

In which wiring system are insulated cables often used without a sheath, commonly for several small cables?

A

Cable-trunking systems.

71
Q

n a three-phase installation with a TT earthing arrangement, how many poles should the main switch in the distribution board (DB) have?

A

Four poles.

71
Q

What is the primary difference between a consumer unit (CU) and a distribution board (DB)?

A

The CU has a main switch that breaks both line and neutral.

71
Q

Which protective devices are commonly found inside consumer units (CUs) or distribution boards (DBs)?

A

Residual current breakers with overload (RCBOs) and circuit breakers (CBs).

71
Q

Why should the main switch in a consumer unit (CU) be rated to switch the full load current?

A

To ensure safety and prevent failure.

72
Q

What are DBs classified by, in terms of the number of modules or ways they can accommodate?

A

Modules and ways.

72
Q

Which protective devices are typically used for resistive loads such as heating elements and incandescent lighting?

A

Type B circuit breakers.

72
Q

What is the limit to the maximum current that an overcurrent protective device (fuse or circuit breaker) can interrupt called?

A

Rated breaking capacity.

73
Q

What is the main purpose of the main switch in a consumer unit (CU) within a domestic dwelling?

A

To isolate both line and neutral conductors.

73
Q

What is the primary reason why BS 3036 devices are no longer suitable for many installations?

A

They have low breaking capacity.

73
Q

What does Ics represent for circuit breakers?

A

The service short-circuit capacity.

74
Q

What type of circuit breaker characteristic causes it to operate instantaneously at a specified current?

A

Magnetic characteristic.

74
Q

Which term is used to describe the limit to the maximum fault current that an overcurrent protective device (fuse or circuit breaker) can safely interrupt?

A

Rated short-circuit capacity.

74
Q

Under what conditions is selectivity not necessary for protective devices?

A

If no danger or inconvenience arises.

75
Q

What factor is used to alter the capacity of a conductor based on the ambient temperature of the cable?

A

Rating factor (Ca)

75
Q

What is the maximum operating temperature for general thermoplastic insulation?

A

70°C

75
Q

How is the current-carrying capacity of a conductor affected by conductor insulation?

A

Conductor insulation sets the upper limit for current-carrying capacity.

76
Q

What does a rating factor of 0.5 applied to a cable passing through thermal insulation indicate?

A

The conductor’s capacity is reduced by 50%.

76
Q

When is it beneficial to separate larger current circuits from smaller power circuits in terms of grouping?

A

When circuits have a mixture of sizes and types.

77
Q

How is the grouping of circuits affected by the number of circuits grouped together?

A

The more circuits grouped, the lower the current-carrying capacity.

77
Q

For the provided four circuits, wired in non-sheathed, single-core cable, installed in a trunking, which one(s) can be ignored for grouping purposes?

A

1.5 mm2 cable with a design current of 2 A

78
Q

When is a thermal insulation rating factor (Ci) applied to a cable?

A

When cables pass through thermal insulation.

79
Q

Which factor is used to determine the conductor’s capacity based on the grouping of circuits?

A

Rating factor (Cg)

79
Q

What is the maximum operating temperature for thermosetting insulation?

A

105°C

80
Q

In what situation is the Installation method number used instead of the Reference method letter for cable installation?

A

When flat-profile cables are installed above ceilings or in stud walls

81
Q

What is the formula to calculate the group rating factor (C) when circuits in a group are not similar in size and type?

A

C = n / g

81
Q

If a cable’s design current is 20 A, and it carries a current of 6 A, is it necessary to consider it for grouping purposes?

A

Yes, because it’s carrying more than 30% of its grouped rating.

82
Q

Which of the following terms refers to the two detailed ways of describing methods of installation for electrical cables?

A

Reference methods and Installation methods

83
Q

What can happen if the method of installation for electrical cables is not chosen correctly?

A

The cable may run too hot

84
Q

Which method of installation involves enclosing cables in conduit within an insulated wall?

A

Method A

85
Q

If a cable is in contact with wooden joists or a plaster ceiling and covered by thermal insulation exceeding 100 mm thickness, which installation method is used?

A

Method 101

86
Q

In the grid method for circuit design, what does Iz represent?

A

The current-carrying capacity of a cable under specific installation conditions

86
Q

When determining the maximum voltage drop for a circuit, what are the maximum allowed values for lighting and power circuits, respectively, as stated in Appendix 4 of BS 7671 for a public supply?

A

3% for lighting and 5% for power circuits

86
Q

What is the maximum mV/A/m permitted for voltage drop when selecting a cable size based on the maximum voltage drop calculation?

A

10 mV/A/m

86
Q

What is the primary purpose of the grid method for circuit design?

A

To efficiently size conductors for multiple circuits.

87
Q

What does the rating factor (Cf) of 0.725 apply to in cable installation?

A

BS 3036 semi-enclosed fuse

87
Q

Which regulation in BS 7671 requires that a ring-final circuit cable must have a capacity no less than 20 A?

A

Regulation 433.1.204

87
Q

Which tables in BS 7671 are used to determine the current-carrying capacity of single-core cables with 70°C thermoplastic insulation?

A

Table 4D1A

88
Q

When determining the design current (Ib) for a domestic cooker circuit, what is the value of the factor 10 in the calculation?

A

It accounts for increased current during starting.

89
Q

If a cable’s Iz rating is less than the selected protective device’s In rating, what should be done?

A

Select a larger conductor size (It).

89
Q

What is the primary purpose of selecting a conductor size based on the maximum voltage drop calculation?

A

To prevent excessive voltage drop in the circuit.

90
Q

What is the primary purpose of correctly sizing circuit protective conductors (cpc)?

A

To ensure the safety of the electrical installation

90
Q

What does the adiabatic equation help determine when sizing circuit protective conductors (cpc)?

A

Minimum cpc size for thermal constraints

91
Q

Which installation method is suitable for a cable in a stud wall containing thermal insulation with the cable not in contact with the wall?

A

Method 103

91
Q

Which regulation in BS 7671 requires that the chosen conductors for ring-final circuits must have a capacity no less than 20 A?

A

Regulation 433.1.204

91
Q

Total earth fault loop impedance (Zs) is a combination of which components?

A

Ze and R1

92
Q

What is the maximum allowed voltage drop for a lighting circuit supplied from a public network, according to Appendix 4 of BS 7671?

A

3% of the supply voltage

92
Q

What is the maximum mV/A/m permitted for voltage drop when selecting a cable size based on the maximum voltage drop calculation for a ring-final circuit?

A

20 mV/A/m

92
Q

In the grid method for circuit design, which column represents the maximum voltage drop (mV/A/m) for the selected conductor?

A

Column 11

93
Q

Which factor allows for the rise in temperature of a cpc during normal operation of live conductors?

A

Table I3 factor

94
Q

What is the maximum permissible disconnection time for a final circuit supplying a fixed heater protected by a BS 88-2 device?

A

0.4 seconds

95
Q

To determine the suitable cpc size for thermal constraints, which equation is used?

A

Adiabatic equation

95
Q

What factor is used to determine the k-value when applying the adiabatic equation for sizing cpc?

A

Cable type factor

96
Q

In the design grid method, what does column 13 typically represent?

A

Line conductor size

96
Q

What is the purpose of the adiabatic equation in circuit design?

A

To calculate the thermal constraint of circuit conductors

96
Q

If a circuit is protected by a 20 A Type B circuit breaker, what is the maximum permissible disconnection time according to BS 7671?

A

0.4 seconds

96
Q

If a circuit has a calculated Zs value of 0.68 Ω, is it acceptable if the maximum permitted Zs from Table 41.2 is 1.37 Ω?

A

Yes, it is acceptable.

96
Q

Which table in BS 7671 should be referenced to determine the maximum permitted Zs for circuits protected by circuit breakers or RCBOs for all disconnection times?

A

Table 41.3

97
Q

What should you check if the calculated Zs exceeds the permitted values from Tables 41.2, 41.3, or 41.4, but the device is an RCBO?

A

Adequacy of short circuit protection

98
Q

When researching values for multiple circuits in BS 7671, what is the advantage of finding values for all circuits while on the same table?

A

It saves time and makes the design process more efficient.

98
Q

What condition must be met for a circuit to comply with Chapter 43 requirements in terms of coordination?

A

Ib ≤ In

99
Q

Which equation is used to calculate R1 + R2 for a circuit when determining the maximum permissible Zs?

A

R1 + R2 = (mΩ/m) × (length in meters) × (I3 factor)

99
Q

What is the primary purpose of sizing circuit protective conductors (cpc) correctly?

A

To reduce the total earth fault loop impedance (Zs)

99
Q

What is the primary factor that affects the temperature rise of a circuit protective conductor (cpc)?

A

The ambient temperature of the installation location

99
Q

What is the purpose of the table I3 factor in the calculation of R1 + R2 for circuit protective conductors?

A

To account for the rise in temperature of the cpc during normal operation

100
Q

What is the primary purpose of applying diversity in electrical design?
a) To increase the circuit’s maximum demand

A

To determine the actual consumption needs

101
Q

What does the equation Ib ≤ In ≤ Iz represent?

A

Correct current coordination

101
Q

What is the significance of the 1.45 factor in overload conditions?

A

Most protective devices will not disconnect below this current.

102
Q

When a circuit is subject to overloads, what formula should be applied to determine the permissible current (I)?

A

Ib = 1.45 × In

102
Q

In the provided example, if a circuit has a design current of 14 A and is protected by a 16 A device, what would the permissible current be when overloads are considered?

A

23.2 A

102
Q

When might a designer compensate for potential overloads in a circuit?
a) When calculating maximum demand

A

In situations like a hotel conference room with temporary heaters

102
Q

What is the purpose of ensuring correct current coordination in electrical circuits?

A

To ensure the protective device is suitable for the circuit’s design current

102
Q

Which method of applying diversity involves factoring individual final circuits based on likely usage?

A

Factoring circuits method

102
Q

which type of accessibility aid in dwellings often requires an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) due to critical medical requirements?

A

Home medical systems

102
Q

What does the term “maximum demand” refer to in electrical design?
a) The highest current rating of a protective device

A

The total consumption of an installation when everything is used simultaneously

102
Q

Why might a circuit in a hotel be subjected to a higher diversity factor than a domestic dwelling?

A

To account for the varied facilities within the hotel

102
Q

What does the factor “0.4” represent in the factoring installations method of applying diversity?

A

It is applied to dwellings without electric heating as the main form of heating

102
Q

In the context of maximum demand and diversity, what is diversity based on?
a) The size of the building

A

he expected operation of the installation

102
Q

What is the significance of using smart metering in conjunction with load switching devices?

A

To stop vehicle charging during times of high consumption

102
Q

When might load control and smart metering be used to manage electrical demand in a domestic installation?

A

To prevent overloads during peak demand

102
Q

In the factoring circuits method, what is a factor of “1” applied to a circuit’s design current most likely indicating?

A

A circuit with no diversity allowed

102
Q

Which of the following is NOT a reason to calculate maximum demand?

A

Designing a circuit with high impedance

102
Q

When is diversity typically applied to maximum demand calculations?
a) To increase the maximum demand value

A

To determine the actual consumption needs

102
Q

What does the term “prosumer’s installation” refer to in electrical systems?

A

An installation capable of consuming and generating electricity

City And Guild Second Edition: for the Level 3 Apprenticeships (5357 and 5393), Level 3 Advanced Technical Diploma (8202), Level 3 Diploma (2365): (6 decks)

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