Environmental Science - Ch 8 Flashcards
Exponential Growth
A small percentage growth rate still produces a large increase due to the size of the base population
Doubling Time of a Population
Estimated by taking 70 and dividing it by the annual percentage growth rate
Thomas Malthus
British economist who warned that the number of people would someday outgrow the available food supply
IPAT
Influence = Population x Affluence x Technology
IPATS
Influence = Population x Affluence x Technology x Sensitivity
Demography
The study of statistical changes in the human population
Migration
The movement of individuals between countries
Immigration
People entering a country
Emigration
People leaving a country
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
The average number of children born per woman during her lifetime
Replacement Fertility
The TFR that keeps the size of a population stable
Rate of Natural Increase
Only includes birth and death rates
Life Expectancy
The average number of years a person in an age group is expected to live
Pre - Industrial Stage
Death rates are high due to disease, lack of food supplies, and inadequate health care.
Industrial Stage
Employment opportunities increase for women and birth control becomes more widely available, decreasing birth rates
Post - Industrial Stage
Population growth stabilizes or begins to shrink
Ecological Deficit
If humanity’s ecological footprint exceeds Earth’s biocapacity
Ecological Reserve
If humanity’s ecological footprint is less than Earth’s biocapacity
