Environmental Injury and Disease Flashcards
What is the chemical derived from Aspergillus, and what cancer is it associated with?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
What are alkylating agents, and what is an associated cancer as a result of using them?
They are chemotherapeutics and leukemia/lymphoma are a side effect of these drugs
What cancers are associated with alcohol use?
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx and upper esophagus, as well as hepatocellular carcinoma
What is arsenic found in and what are the associated cancers?
Arsenic is found in cigarette smoke, associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, lung cancer, and angiosarcoma of liver.
What two cancers is asbestos exposure likely to lead to and which is more likely?
Lung carcinoma and mesothelioma; lung cancer is more likely
What are the most carcinogenic compounds of cigarette smoke, and what cancers are they associated with?
Polycyclic hydrocarbons are particularly carcinogenic. Most common cancers associated with cigarette smoke are carcinoma of the oropharynx, esophagus, lung, kidney, bladder, and pancreas.
What cancer is nitrosamines associated with?
stomach cancer
What cancer is naphthylamine associated with, and where is this agent derived from?
Associated with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
What cancer is vinyl chloride associated with, and how are people typically exposed to it?
Associated with angiosarcoma of the liver; usually an occupational exposure to individuals making PVC pipes
What cancer is nickel, chromium, beryllium, or silica associated with?
Lung carcinoma
What cancers could ionizing radiotherapy lead to, and how?
Can lead to AML, CML, and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. works via generation of hydroxyl free radicals
What cancers are caused by non-ionizing radiation?
Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma of the skin (all skin cell cancers)
