Environmental II Flashcards
describe anthracosis
- anthracosis
- accumulation of carbon pigment mostly in perilymphatic regions and lymph nodes
- asymptomatic, no appreciable pathologic changes
describe simple CWP
- simple CWP
- macules and nodules
- aggregates of dust-laden macrophages
- fibrosis minimal or absent
- little or no pulmonary dysfunction
- macules and nodules
describe complicated CWP
- complicated CWP (progressive massive fibrosis)
- coalescence of nodules into fibrous scars
- impaired pulm. function
- probably <10% of simple CWP progress to complicated
describe lead toxicity
- numerous potential sources
- paint
- contaminated soil, water and air
- batteries
- mines, foundries
- children more susceptible than adults
- deposition
- 80-85% in bone and health
- 5-10% in blood
- 5-10% soft tissues
- diagnosis: venous whole blood level
describe the diagnosis of lead toxicity
- diagnosis:
- venous whole blood level
lead has a high affinity for _____
explain how this affects RBCs
lead has a high affinity for sulfhydryl groups
- impairment of heme synthesis
- delta aminolevulinic acid dehydrase (ALA dehydrase)
- ferrocheletase
- impairment of Na-K-ATPase in cell membranes and consequent increased cell fragility
- hemolytic anemia
lead competes with ____ for binding to phosphate in bone
lead competes with calcium for binding to phosphate in bone
describe how lead inhibits heme synthesis
describe what is seen in a peripheral blood smear in a patient with lead poisoning
basophilic stippling of red blood cells
describe potential sources of mercury toxicity
- contaminated fish or shellfish
- release of mercury from dental work
- combustion of mercury-laden materials or fuels (esp. coal)
describe the 3 forms of mercury, their route of absorption and their target organ
____ is the target of elemental and organic mercury
name the signs and symptoms
nervous system is the target of elemental and organic mercury
- signs and symptoms
- paresthesia
- tremors
- variety of neuropsychiatric
- insomnia
- memory loss
- emotional instability
- depression
- ataxia
- visual disturbances
- vasomotor disturbances, excessive perspiration, blushing
nervous system is the target of ____ and _____ mercury
nervous system is the target of elemental and organic mercury
_____ is the target of inorganic mercury
kidneys are the target of inorganic mercury
- acute due to high dose
- acute failure due to tubular necrosis
- chronic due to lower dose
- insufficiency to eventual failure
kidneys are the target of ____ mercury
kidneys are the target of inorganic mercury
describe berylliosis and occupations at higher risk for it
- chronic exposure to fumes or dust can cause a delayed (type IV) HS response
- granulomatous inflammatory response
- very similar to sarcoidosis
- granulomata can coalesce into fibrotic nodules
- commonly seen in industrial setting
- metal machining & reclamation
- aerospace, nuclear power, electronics industries
- beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT)
- peripheral blood
- BAL lavage fluid
excessive consumption of alcohol associated with…. (4 things)
- craving
- loss of control
- physical dependence
- tolerance
describe acute vs chronic alcohol toxicity
describe changes in the liver from drinking and the reversible vs. irreversible stages of liver changes
describe what is seen in the image
describe what is seen in the image
describe what is seen in the image
