Environmental Health Flashcards
What are the top three causes of death in the US
- Heart disease
- Cancer
- Stroke
Chronic disease is the #1 killer in the US
7 is DM (overweight/obese and arthritis also contribute)
what is the # 1 cause of disability in the US
arthritis
what isthe #1 preventable cause of death in the US
tobacco use
what are other diseases with significant burden of death/disability/poor quality of life
Metabolic Syndrome
Cerebrovascular disease
Neurocognitive disease
Immune dysfunction (autoimmune disease)
what are underutilized early detection/prevention practices
- mammograms - 22% women 50+ havent had one in the past 2 years
- Colorectal CA screening - adults 50+ 37% have never had a colonoscopy and 83% havent had one in last 3 years
How prevelant is lack of access to healthcare in WV
- About 20% of WV adults had no PCP
- About 15% could not afford medical care
- 9% of WV adults had no insurance at all
what are some ways humans come into contact w toxic substances
- The food chain
- Polluted water
- Airborne exposure
- Dermal exposure
how much does modifiable factors account for global burden of disease and deaths
- 24% of global burden of disease
- 23% of global deaths
what pathways do many pollutants induce?
signlaing pathways that are sensitive to oxidative stress
what are common cancer causing agents
- radon
- asbestos
- benzene
- coal
- soot
- smoke
- arsenic
- triclosan
cause CA by Increasing inflamm, impair immune, decrease cell repair
alter DNA and gene expression, stimulate rapid cell growth
what chemical exposures can cause obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes
- herbicide
- triclosan
- flame retardnats
- stain repellents
- nonstick compounds
- DDT
interfere w thyroid, mimic hormones, xenobiotic release, panreatic stres
others include arsenic and cadmium
what exposure can contribute to vascular disease
toxic metals which cause oxidative stress
strong connection w develpement and progression of vascular diseases
what exposure can cause neurocognitive impairment
- herbicides
- pesticides
- heavy metals
- triclosan
- teflon
- DDT
immediate SE: aggression, learning disorders, attention disorders
delayed SE → increased disposition to Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease
what exposure can cause endocrine disruption
- pesticides
- toxic metals
chemical interfere w hormone signals to various organ systems
what is acceptable daily intake, who refulates it?
- daily intake of a chemical that appears to be associated with minimal to no risk over lifetime
- FDA and dept of agriculture regulated
what is a hazard
ability of agent to cause injury
what is risk
frequency of undesirable occureence after exposure
what is route of exposure? give examples
- Industrial - inhalation, transdermal
- Atmospheric - inhalation, transdermal
- Water/Soil - inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact