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CPH Midterms > Environmental Health > Flashcards

Environmental Health Flashcards

1
Q

Identification

Branch of public health concerned with all aspects of
the natural and built environment that may affect
human health

A

Environmental Health

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2
Q

Identification

is a sub-component of environmental health

A

Environmental Public Health

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3
Q

Identification

is basically concerned with protecting the natural environment

A

Environmental Protection

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4
Q

Identification

Addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological
factors external to a person, and all the related factors
impacting behaviours

A

Environmental Health

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5
Q

Identification

Assessment and control of environmental factors

A

Environmental Health

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6
Q

Identification

Primary goal of environmental health

A

Targeted toward preventing the disease

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7
Q

Identification

Focus on the natural and built environment for the
benefit of human health

A

Environmental Health

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8
Q

True or False

Pollution is present every day.

A

True

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9
Q

Identification

occurs when a harmful or extensive
quantity of substances such as gases, particulates
and biological molecules are introduced into the
atmosphere which can damage the ozone layer
especially those particulate harmful to the Earth’s
surface which cause diseases allergies, diseases, and
death of humans, are harmful to other beings such
as crops, can damage natural and built environment

A

Air pollution

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10
Q

Identification

It can damage the ozone layer, especially
those particulates that are very harmful to
the Earth’s surface

A

Air pollution

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11
Q

Identification

It is the major contributor in air pollution

A

Human Activity

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12
Q

Identification

Material in the air that can have adverse effects on
human and the ecosystem

A

Pollutants

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13
Q

Enumeration

Give 6 Common Air Pollutants

A

Particulate Matter
Ground Level Ozone
Carbon Monoxide
Nitrogen Dioxide
Sulfur Dioxide
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)

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14
Q

True or False

Material in the air that can have adverse effects on
human and the ecosystem.

A

True

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15
Q

Identification

derived from combustion of fuel

A

Carbon Monoxide

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16
Q

Identification

from volcanic eruptions which forms secondary pollutants

A

Nitrogen Dioxide

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17
Q

Identification

it includes methane as an example

A

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)

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18
Q

Enumeration

2 Classifications of pollutants

A

Primary
Secondary

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19
Q

Identification

Classification that is produced from a process

A

Primary Pollutant

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20
Q

Identification

Classification forms in the air when primary pollutants react or interact, not emitted directly into air

A

Secondary Pollutant

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21
Q

Identification

leading pollutant and worst climate pollution

A

Carbon Dioxide

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22
Q

Identification

it is a greenhouse gas and humans give off this gas during expiration

A

Carbon Dioxide

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23
Q

Identification

produced by volcanoes and other industrial processes even oil
and petroleum

A

Sulfur oxides

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24
Q

Identification

expelled from high temperature combustion and produced during thunderstorms

A

Nitric Oxides

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25
Q

Identification

it is odorless and colorless yet toxic, can cause death when present in high concentrations, can bind to hemoglobin causes the delivery of oxygen to the tissues impossible, causes hypoxia, has 240xaffinity for oxygen

A

Carbon Monoxide

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26
Q

Identification

when there is binding of carbon monoxide in haemoglobin or the decrease level of oxygen in the tissue

A

Hypoxia

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27
Q

Identification

Example: Methane or non-methane volatile
compounds

A

Volatile organic compounds (VOC)

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28
Q

Identification

atmospheric particulates and fine,
tiny particles of solid or liquid suspended in gas

A

Particulates

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29
Q

Identification

can cause cardiovascular disease

A

Persistent free radicals

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30
Q

Identification

Examples: lead and mercury

A

Toxic Metals

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31
Q

Identification

harmful to ozone layer, gas released by refrigerators, air conditioners, and
aerosol sprays

A

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

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32
Q

Identification

emitted from agricultural processes and have a pungent odor

A

Ammonia

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33
Q

Identification

from garbage sewage and industrial processes

A

Odours

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34
Q

Identification

produced during nuclear explosion and from war explosives

A

Radioactive pollutants

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35
Q

Enumeration

Give 6 ANTHROPOGENIC (MAN-MADE) SOURCES of Air Pollution

A

Stationary sources
Mobile sources
Fumes
Controlled burn practices
Military resources
Fertilized farmland (chemical fertilizer that is a major source of nitrogen oxide)

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36
Q

Enumeration

Give 6 Natural Sources of Air Pollution

A

Dust
Methane
Radon gas
Smoke and Carbon monoxide
Vegetations
Volcanic activity

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37
Q

Identification

Contamination of water bodies

A

Water Pollution

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38
Q

Identification

MAJOR global problem

A

Water Pollution

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39
Q

Identification

Often caused by the discharge of inadequately
treated wastewater into natural bodies of water

A

Water Pollution

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40
Q

Identification

Includes pollution of rivers, lakes, and oceans

A

Surface Water Pollution

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41
Q

Identification

A subset of surface water pollution is marine pollution

A

Surface Water Pollution

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42
Q

Identification

Pollutants are present on the surface of water bodies

A

Surface Water Pollution

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43
Q

Identification

Directly discharging sewage and industrial waste into the ocean

A

Marine Pollution

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44
Q

Identification

Entry of contaminants into the sea from the river

A

Marine Pollution

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45
Q

Identification

Pollutants are directly placed under the water and can poison any creature living in the sea

A

Marine Pollution

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46
Q

Identification

Focus on soil characteristics and site ecology

A

Groundwater Pollution

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47
Q

Identifcation

Common in large fields and farm

A

Groundwater Pollution

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48
Q

Enumeration

Give the 5 Causes of groundwater pollution

A

Naturally-occuring
Sewage
On-site sanitation systems
Commercial and industrial lakes
Fertilizers and pesticides

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49
Q

Identification

Refers to contaminants that enter a waterway from single, identifiable source, such as pipe or ditch

A

Point Sources water pollution

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50
Q

Identification

Refers to diffuse contamination that does
not originate from a single discrete source

A

Non-point Sources

51
Q

Identification

Discrete contamination due to flow of water

A

Non-point Sources

52
Q

Identification

Also known as sewage

A

Municipal wastewater treatment

53
Q

Identification

Typically treated by CENTRALIZED sewage treatment plans

A

Municipal wastewater treatment

54
Q

Identification

Individual septic tanks

A

On-site sanitation and safely managed sanitation

55
Q

Identification

Can lead to groundwater pollution if not properly done

A

On-site sanitation and safely managed sanitation

56
Q

Identification

Pre-treats the wastewater on site and infiltrates it into the soil

A

Individual septic tanks

57
Q

Identification

Sewage treatment plants

A

Industrial wastewater treatment

58
Q

Identification

Pollution prevention

A

Industrial wastewater treatment

59
Q

Identification

Pre-treatment system to remove the pollutants

A

Industrial wastewater treatment

60
Q

Identification

Ideally, it is common for industries that
generate large volumes of waste water with
high concentration of organic matter (oils,
ammonia, VOC)

A

Industrial wastewater treatment

61
Q

Identification

ensure that the flow of water will not harm the
crop and prevent the diffused kind of soil

A

Contour Plowing

62
Q

Identification

covering the soilwhere only the crop is seen and create a more favorable environment for plant growth and development

A

crop mulching

63
Q

Identification

planting different plants to improve soil health and
optimize nutrients in the soil and combat pest

A

Crop Rotation

64
Q

Identification

completes their cycles in more than two planting season, not
seasonal

A

Planting perennial crops

65
Q

Identification

done to avoid damaging of crops and soil during typhoon

A

Installing riparian buffers

66
Q

Identification

Such as discharges from the treatment of
urban wastewater, industry and fish farms
are defined as stationary locations or fixed
facilities from which pollutants are
discharged

A

Point source wastewater treatment

67
Q

Identification

Also known as waste disposal

A

Waste Management

68
Q

Identification

All activities and actions required to manage waste
from its inception to its final disposal

A

Waste Management

69
Q

Identification

Commonly known as trash or garbage

A

Municipal Solid Waste

70
Q

Identification

Refers to the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)

A

Waster Hierarchy

71
Q

Identification

Aim is to extract the maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the minimum amount of waste

A

Waster Hierarchy

72
Q

Identification

Normally represents the progression of a product or material through these sequential stages of the pyramid of waste management

A

Waster Hierarchy

73
Q

Identification

Refers to how long you can generate a particular
product into a disposable waste

A

Life cycle of a product

74
Q

Identification

Is the reduction of the environmental impact from
the production and consumption of goods

A

Resource Efficiency

75
Q

Identification

From raw materials to last-used and disposal

A

Resource Efficiency

76
Q

Identification

Can address sustainability

A

Resource Efficiency

77
Q

Identification

Is a principle where the polluting party pays for the
impact cause to the environment

A

Polluter-pays Principle

78
Q

Identification

Whenever you violate the law of waste disposal
you must pay for an appropriate fine for sanctions

A

Polluter-pays Principle

79
Q

Identification

Requirement of generator to proper dispose
unrecoverable material

A

Polluter-pays Principle

80
Q

Enumeration

Give 7 Disposal Methods

A

landfill
Incineration
recycling
reuse
energy recovery
pyrolysis
resource recovery

81
Q

Identification

Is any kind of waste that contains infectious material

A

Medical Waste

82
Q

Identification

Waste generated by healthcare facilities

A

Medical Waste

83
Q

Identification

Refers to all wastes suspected to
contain PATHOGENS or TOXINS in
sufficient concentration that may
cause disease to a SUSCEPTIBLE
HOST

A

Infectious Waste

84
Q

Identification

includes discarded materials or
equipment used for diagnosis,
treatment and management of
patients with infectious disease

A

Infectious Waste

85
Q

Identification

Refers to tissue sections and body
fluids or organs derived from biopsies
or surgical procedures sent to the
laboratory for examination

A

Pathological and Anatomical Waste

86
Q

Identification

e is a subgroup of
pathological waste that refers to
recognizable body parts usually from
amputation procedure

A

Anatomical Waste

87
Q

Identification

Refer to waste items that can cause
cuts, pricks, or puncture wounds

A

Sharps

88
Q

Identification

MOST DANGEROUS health care waste

A

Sharps

89
Q

Identification

Refers to discarded chemicals (solid,
liquid, or gaseous) generated during
DISINFECTION and STERILIZATION
procedures

A

Chemical Waste

90
Q

Identification

Wastes with high content of heavy
metals and their derivatives

A

Chemical Waste

91
Q

Identification

with health and environmental hazards

A

Toxic

92
Q

Identification

acid of pH <2.0 and bases of pH >12.0

A

Corrosive

93
Q

Identification

with flash point below 60 degrees Celsius

A

Flammable

94
Q

Identification

explosive with water

A

Reactive

95
Q

Identification

includes the description, instruction of how to use
and classification of the chemical

A

(SDS) Safety Data Sheets

96
Q

Identification

Refers to expired, spilt and
contaminated pharmaceutical
products, drugs, and vaccines
including discarded items used in
handling pharmaceuticals

A

Pharmaceutical Waste

97
Q

Identification

Includes antineoplastic, cytotoxic, and
genotoxic wastes such as drugs used in
oncology or radiotherapy and
biological fluids from patients treated
with the said drugs

A

Pharmaceutical Waste

98
Q

Identification

Refers to wastes exposed to
radionuclides including radioactive
diagnostic materials or
radiotherapeutic materials

A

Radioactive Waste

99
Q

Identification

Residues from shipment of radioactive
materials and unwanted solutions of
radionuclides intended for diagnostic
or therapeutic

A

Radioactive Waste

100
Q

Identification

This is highly hazardous form of medical waste

A

genotoxic waste

101
Q

Identification

substances that can cause an abnormal disease to the fetus

A

teratogens (genetic alterations causing
malfunctions)

102
Q

Enumeration

Genotoxic Waste may be:

A

Carcinogenic
Tetragenic
Mutagenic

103
Q

Identification

It can include cytotoxic drugs intended
for use in cancer treatment

A

Genotoxic Waste

104
Q

Identification

Non-hazardous waste

A

General Non-Regulated Medical Waste

105
Q

Identification

This type doesn’t pose any particular chemical, biological, physical or radioactive danger

A

General Non-Regulated Medical Waste

106
Q

Identification

Waste are subjected to combustion so as to
convert them into residue and gaseous
products

A

Incineration

107
Q

Identification

Most common way back; Before 1997

A

Incineration

108
Q

Identification

Used on pathological waste (Body parts or recognizable tissues
are incinerated till it becomes residue or ash)

A

Incineration

109
Q

Identification

Use of steam sterilization to render waste
harmless and is an efficient wet thermal
disinfection process

A

Autoclave

110
Q

Identification

Uses pressure and heat

A

Autoclave

111
Q

Identification

Usual setting is at 121 degrees
Celcius with a pressure of 15 psi
for 15 to 30 minutes

A

Autoclave

112
Q

Identification

Steam under pressure

A

Autoclave

113
Q

Identification

Use biological indicators

A

Autoclave

114
Q

Identification

Use in sterilizing glasswares and
laboratory apparatus

A

Autoclave

115
Q

Identification

Use in sterilizing glasswares and laboratory apparatus

A

Microwave

116
Q

Identification

Technology that typically incorporates some type of size reduction device

A

Microwave

117
Q

Identification

Destroys waste by moist heat and denature structural proteins

A

Microwave

118
Q

Identification

Chemicals like sodium hypochlorite,
hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic acid,
and heated alkali are added to health care
wastes to kill or inactivate present
pathogens

A

Chemical Disinfection

119
Q

Identification

5% sodium hypochlorite is the
recommended concentration for chemical
disinfection

A

Chemical Disinfection

120
Q

Identification

May generate chemical waste

A

Chemical Disinfection

121
Q

Identification

Uses an enzyme mixture to decontaminate
health care wastes

A

Biological Process

122
Q

Identification

The resulting by-product is put through an
extruder to remove water for wastewater
disposal

A

Biological Process

123
Q

Identification

The resulting by-product is put through an
extruder to remove water for wastewater
disposal

A

Biological Process

CPH Midterms (5 decks)

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