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Day 1 - Physical and Chemical Principles > Environmental Engineering > Flashcards

Environmental Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

any alteration in the physical, chemical, or biological properties of
the environment (air, water, and land) which adversely affects its
quality and/or aesthetic use

A

Environmental Pollution

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2
Q

Describes the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of
water with respect to its suitability for a particular use

A

Water Quality

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3
Q

How many forms of nitrogen are present in wastewater?

A

5 (NH3, NH4+, NO3-, NO2-, and other organic compounds containing N)

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4
Q

It is known as the Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards of 2016

A

DAO No. 2016-2018

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5
Q

Classification of Water Bodies: Public Water Supply Class I, intended for drinking, uninhabited watersheds and require only disinfection

A

Class AA

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6
Q

Classification of Water Bodies: intended for water supply but requires conventional water treatment processing

A

Class A

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7
Q

Classification of Water Bodies: Recreational Water Class I, intended for primary contact recreation

A

Class B

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8
Q

Classification of Water Bodies: Recreational Water Class II (indirect contact recreation), fishery waters

A

Class C

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9
Q

Classification of Water Bodies: navigable waters

A

Class D

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10
Q

Is part of the water supply to the community, industry/manufacturing, agriculture, etc. which has been mixed with suspended or dissolved solid, and usually contains pollutants.

A

Wastewater

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11
Q

Generally the indication of the age of sewage

A

Color

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12
Q

It comes from the septic decomposition of organic wastes and is due to the presence of gases such as amines, ammonia, diamines, etc.

A

Odor

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13
Q

Gas responsible for the rotten egg odor of wastewater

A

Hydrogen sulfide

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14
Q

The resistance of water to the passage of light through it is a measure of?

A

Turbidity

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15
Q

Which of the following apparatus is not used in measuring turbidity?
a. Jackson Turbidimeter
b. Secchi Disk Depth
c. Photoelectric Colorimeter
d. none of these

A

C.

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16
Q

It lowers the solubility of oxygen in the water and increases the
the rate at which oxygen-consuming microbes attack organic waste.

A

Temperature

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17
Q

Solid residue when water is evaporated at 103 – 105 degrees C.

A

Total Solids

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18
Q

The total solids in water are due to the presence of

A

Suspended and dissolving solids

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19
Q

Sodium ions contribute to which characteristics of water?

A

Total dissolved solids

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20
Q

The actual quantity of free O2 present in water

A

Dissolved oxygen

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21
Q

a measure of the amount of O2 needed to oxidize completely an organic matter whose chemical formula is known

A

Theoretical oxygen demand

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22
Q

Dissolved oxygen in water is reduced during which season?

A

Summer

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23
Q

The color of wastewater containing little or no dissolved oxygen is?

A

Black

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24
Q

the measure of the amount of O2 needed by microorganisms to decompose biodegradable organics at a specified time (5 days), temperature (200C) and pH (7).

A

Biological oxygen demand

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25
Q

a measure of the amount of O2 needed to oxidize organics using strong oxidizing agents (KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7) in acid
media.

A

Chemical oxygen demand

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26
Q

In the determination of BOD, the reaction takes place at what temp?

A

20 degrees C

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27
Q

In the determination of BOD, the reaction takes place in the dark because?

A

Algae may be present and produce oxygen

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28
Q

DOs for initial deficit after mixing with wastewater at 10 degrees C

A

DOS = 11.33 mg/L

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29
Q

DOS at 20 degrees C

A

9.1

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30
Q

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of water.

A

pH

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31
Q

Cause hardness in water and formation of scales and deposits on pipelines and fittings if used in industry

A

Calcium and magnesium salts

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32
Q

basic components of fertilizer, serves as nutrients for microbial growth in particular algae.

A

Nitrogen and Phosphorus

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33
Q

refers to the heavy metals which are toxic even in small concentrations.

A

trace metals

34
Q

It is the phenomenon that results in the overabundance of algae growth in bodies of water. It is also the natural process of nutrient enrichment that occurs over time in a body of water.

A

Eutrophication

35
Q

The measure of the total organic and ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater. It also gives a measure of the availability of nitrogen for building cells.

A

TKN (Total Kjeldahl Method)

36
Q

Involves the accumulation of trace metals through each species of the food chain

A

Biomagnification

37
Q

A trace metal that causes Itai-itai diseases is

A

Cadmium

38
Q

A trace metal which causes the Minimata disease

A

Mercury

39
Q

the sum of all titratable bases to a pH of approximately 4.5

A

Alkalinity

40
Q

the sum of all polyvalent cations (in consistent units).

A

Water hardness

41
Q

Hardness of water is usually expressed in parts per million of

A

CaCO3

42
Q

Alkalinity formula if pH ranges from 6-8

A

Alkalinity = [HCO3^-] + [CO3^2-]

43
Q

Alkalinity formula if pH ranges from 7-8.3

A

approximately equal to [HCO3^-]

44
Q

Concentration (in mg/L as CaCO3) of soft water

A

less than 17.61

45
Q

Concentration (in mg/L as CaCO3) of lightly hard water

A

17.61-60

46
Q

Concentration (in mg/L as CaCO3) of moderately hard water

A

60-120

47
Q

Concentration (in mg/L as CaCO3) of hard water

A

120-180

48
Q

Concentration (in mg/L as CaCO3) of very hard water

A

Greater than 180

49
Q

If carbonate hardness is greater than total hardness (CH>TH), then non-carbonate hardness (NCH) is equal to

A

Zero

50
Q

Solid waste management hierarchy

A

Reduction > Recycling > Treatment > Disposal

51
Q

Code for PET (polyethylene terephthalate) (ie water bottles, soft plastic jars)

A

1

52
Q

Code for HDPE (ie milk jugs, shampoo bottles, detergent containers)

A

2

53
Q

Code for PVC (ie pipes, vinyl, tubing, auto product bottles)

A

3

54
Q

Code for LDPE (ie laundry baskets, “cellophane” bags, plastic film)

A

4

55
Q

Code for PP (lol) (polypropylene) (ie yogurt containers, pill bottles, straws)

A

5

56
Q

Code for PS (polystyrene) (ie styro cups/containers, food packaging)

A

6

57
Q

RA 8749

A

Clean Air Act of the Philippines

58
Q

RA 9003

A

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act

59
Q

RA 6969 nice

A

Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Act

60
Q

Atmospheric Layer Pneumonic

A

The Smart Man Takes Elevator

61
Q

The lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere which contains the clouds and the air

A

Troposphere

62
Q

Type of wastewater treatment that employs physical and chemical treatment methods to remove or reduce a high percentage of suspended solids and toxic materials

A

Primary Treatment

63
Q

Hard water can be softened by

A

ion exchange

64
Q

Removal of all settleable particles rendered settleable under the
influence of gravity, basically the theory of gravity under the influence of which all particles heavier than water tend to settle down.

A

Sedimentation

65
Q

In facultative stabilization pond, the sewage is treated by
a. aerobical bacteria
b. anaerobic bacteria
c. algae
d. both (a) and (b)

A

D.

66
Q

Process whereby coarse matter (suspended or floating) of a certain size can be strained out of flowing water with the aid of bars, fine wires or rocks

A

Screening

67
Q

Water treatment that destroys disease-causing bacteria, nuisance
bacteria, parasites, and other organisms and removes soluble iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide from the water.

A

Chlorination

68
Q

Code for plastics used for food wrapping, trash bags, grocery bags and baby diapers

A

4 - LDPE

69
Q

It is the international salute that is currently the primary basis of the Philippines in its latest environmental dispute with Canada.

A

Basel Convention

70
Q

Protocol that aims to regulate greenhouse emissions of countries

A

Kyoto Protocol

71
Q

“Smokey Mountain” is a typical example of a facility for solid waste. It is classified as

A

An open dumping site (illegal)

72
Q

A global treaty that aims to diminish and eventually phase out
chlorofluorocarbons

A

Montreal Protocol

73
Q

A global treaty that aims to protect human health and the environment from persistent pollution

A

Stockholm Convention

74
Q

Collective term for the initial POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants) identified by the Stockholm Convention

A

Dirty Dozens

75
Q

It is an odorless and colorless gas that is lethal to humans with
exposure as short as a few minutes to concentrations exceeding
5000 ppm. It reacts with hemoglobin in the blood rendering the latter incapable of carrying oxygen to the body.

A

Carbon Monoxide

76
Q

Pick out the wrong statement.
a. The concentric atmosphere layer just above troposphere is called stratosphere, which is rich in ozone.
b. Mesosphere is characterized by very low atmosphere pressure
and low temperature.
c. Troposphere is a dusty zone containing water vapor and clouds.
d. The radio waves used in the long-distance radio communication are reflected to earth by stratosphere.

A

D.

77
Q

The rate at which temperature in the atmosphere changes with
altitude is called

A

Lapse rate

78
Q

Which biogeochemical cycle has bacteria living in a symbiotic
relationship with the roots of legumes?

A

Nitrogen Cycle

79
Q

By which process is carbon dioxide released from plants back into the atmosphere?

A

Respiration

80
Q

What acid combination is the dominant component of acid
rain?

A

Nitric acid and sulfuric acid

81
Q

All of the biogeochemical cycles involve the atmosphere as either sink or reservoir except for one. This exception uses the ___ as its sink.
A. Lithosphere
B. Either A or C
C. Hydrosphere
D. Neither A nor B

A

C.

82
Q

The process where decomposers return back the nitrogen to the soils through the remains and wastes of plants and animals.

A

Ammonification

Day 1 - Physical and Chemical Principles (8 decks)

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