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POC 27 Module 2 > Environmental Emergencies > Flashcards

Environmental Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

Body Temp

A

Tries to maintain at 98.6F

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2
Q

CBT core body temperature

A

Temperature in body consisting of heart, lungs, brain and abdominal viscera

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3
Q

Hypothermia starting

A

95F

Heat Stroke 104F

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4
Q

Hypothalmus

A

Master thermostat in the brain

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5
Q

Thermoregulation

A

Controlled by hypothalmus

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6
Q

BMR

A

Basal Metabolic Rate
Energy produced at rest from normal body metabolic reactions
-Normal is 70Kilocalories per hour

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7
Q

Evaporation

A

Sweat from skin

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8
Q

Convection

A

Air or liquids

-wind chill

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9
Q

Conduction

A

Direct physical contact

-falls into cold lake

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10
Q

Radiation

A

By radiating heat to cold environement via body or ex of ac / heater
-lots lost from the head

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11
Q

Thermolysis

A

Release of stored heat from the body. 4 types

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12
Q

Thermogenesis

A

Production of heat and energy from the body is main method of dealing with cold stressors

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13
Q

Heat Illness

A

Increase in CBT due to inadequate thermolysis

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14
Q

Risk Factors from Medications

A

Diuretics cause dehydration

Beta blockers limits ability to compensate with heart rate for compensation

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15
Q

Heat Cramps

A

Acute involuntary muscle spasms

  • occur from profuse wearing and sodium loss
  • affect those in good physical condition
  • increases serum level of potassium with loss of sodium and develops muscle irritabiliy
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16
Q

Heat Cramp Assessment

A 
Hypotension
Nausea
Rapid pulse
Pale and moist skin
Normal temperature normally
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17
Q

Management

A

Move to cool environement
Fluid replenishment
1oz Gateroade to 4oz of water 1:4 ratio

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18
Q

Heat Syncope

A

Orthostatic syncopal episode from prolonged standing or sitting and suddenly standing and cannot compensate with a sudden sympathetic response

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19
Q

Heat Exhaustion

A

Mild form of heat illness of volume depletion and heat stress
Two types: water depleted and salt depleted

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20
Q

Exercise associated hyponatremia

A

Prolonged exertion with excessive fluid intake

Too much water in body in relation to sodium

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21
Q

Assessment

A 
Headache
Dizziness
Weakness
Nausea
Vomiting
Cramping
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22
Q

Management

A

Passive Cooling
Fluids
Supine with legs elevated
Oral hydration

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23
Q

Heat Stroke

A

CBT>104F and AMS

PROTEIN CELLS IN BRAIN start tow twist and break down too fast

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24
Q

Classic Heatstroke

A

Very old and young people and come in waves of heat

-Dry red hot skin, no longer sweating, vasodialated

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25
Exertion also Heat stroke
Exercising in hot climates If humidity rises above 75% evaporative cooling is ineffective -Pale and sweating
26
Cold Wet Packs
Shunts vasculature and brings chemicals to the core causing dysrhythmia and seizures
27
Cold Injury
Localized to injuries
28
Frost Bite
Ischemic injury as superficial or deep depending
29
Frostnip
Mild form of frost bite, feels like a burn, numbness
30
Superficial Frostbite
Altered sensation, numbness, tingling, or burning | -white, waxy and swollen
31
Deep Frostbite
Hands or feet White, yellow white, black Causes severe tissue damage and infection
32
Gangrene
Permnanent cell death set in within few days
33
Management
Can keep extremity cold and try and not to reward - get patient out of cold - remove wet clothing - do not rub or message area - cover with dry sterile dressing - pain management - consider rewarding if potential to referees does not exist
34
Trench Foot
Prolonged exposure to wet and cold environments - wet feet lose heat 25 times faster than dry heat - keep feet dry and warm
35
Hypothermia
CBT <95F - increased thermolysis - decreased thermogenesis
36
Mild Hypothermia
``` >93.2F Passive rewarming -dry -remove wet clothing -blankets ```
37
Alcohol most common for hypothermia
Dialate vessels feeling warm when constriction is suppose to keep warm causing heat loss
38
Moderate Hypothermia
``` 86-93.2 F Start to see Osborn waves and cardiac changes External rewarming -heat blankets -warm air ```
39
Severe Hypothermia
``` <86F Internal Rewarming -warm fluids -humid oxygen -warm enema -esophageal rewarming tubes ```
40
Cardiac
Increase in blood viscosity initially speeds up heart
41
Hypothermia in C
Mild 34-36 Moderate 30-34 Severe <30
42
Drowning
Process of experiencing respiratory inmpairment from submersion or immersion in liquid
43
Drowning continum
Breath Holding Laryngospasm Accumulation of CO2 Inability to oxygenate lungs
44
Daltons Law
Pressure exerted by mixtures of different gases | -same partial pressure
45
Henry's lAw
Amount of gas in liquid is same as above liquid
46
Freshwater
Bacteria and illness from water
47
Saltwater
Salt causes fluid shift in lungs
48
Water
Volume decreases farther go down due to increase in pressure
49
Braotrauma
SQUEEZE Ascending too quickly to the surface and the lung tissue stretches too much due to decrease of pressure in water compared -causes pneumo called "pops" which is known as bust lung
50
Diving Injuries
When gas pressure increases, ability to dissolve in Solution increases as well - volume decreases pressure increases - every 30 feet the atmospheric pressure increase by 1 - on land force on body is 1 ATPressure
51
Decompression Sickness
Bubbles in vascular space happens from submersion and shift of gas from cells to vascular space
52
Decompression Sickness
Bubbles in vascular space happens from submersion and shift of gas from cells to vascular space -can cause PE which. Must be treated with hypobaric chamber
53
Nitrogen Narcosis
Excessive amount of nitrogen buildup and starts to experiencing altered mental status
54
Hypobaric Chamber
Puts body under certain pressure to disassociate the air back into the cells
55
Altitude Illness
Less pressure in the air Usually heights above 8000ft and descends -gas dissolving diminishes as pressure diminshes -gas to be transferred in too RBC's diminishes
56
Acute Mountain Illness
Headache plus fatigues, weakness, nausea, vomiting
57
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema
Dyspnea, cough, weakness, chest tightness, wheezing, rales, tachypnea
58
High Altitude Cerebral Edema
Ams, increased ICP
59
Treatment of Altitude
Oxygen 100% and bring down altitude
60
Lightning
Common before and after storm
61
Lichtenburg Figure
Strands of lightning burned into skin
62
Crotalids
Pit vipers, with heat seeking pits | Hemotoxin
63
Elapids
Round pupils | Neurotoxin
64
Neurotoxic
Ams, weakness, nausea
65
Meotoxic
Clots everything up until it gets rid of all clotting factors and then causes freebleeding
66
Manage of Venom
Crofab is antivenom for hemotoxin bites
67
Brown Recluse
Prefer humid controlled dark places and dry
68
Brown Recluse
Prefer humid controlled dark places and dry | More over time and causes necrotic tissue with internal effects
69
Black Widow
Dark Moist and warm environments | Sudden onset, widespread pain
70
Stingray Treatment
Hot fresh or salt water
71
Jell Fish
Salt water because if it is hypotonic then the vehicle lodged will be squeezed released more toxin

POC 27 Module 2 (21 decks)

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