Environmental Emergencies Flashcards
Body Temp
Tries to maintain at 98.6F
CBT core body temperature
Temperature in body consisting of heart, lungs, brain and abdominal viscera
Hypothermia starting
95F
Heat Stroke 104F
Hypothalmus
Master thermostat in the brain
Thermoregulation
Controlled by hypothalmus
BMR
Basal Metabolic Rate
Energy produced at rest from normal body metabolic reactions
-Normal is 70Kilocalories per hour
Evaporation
Sweat from skin
Convection
Air or liquids
-wind chill
Conduction
Direct physical contact
-falls into cold lake
Radiation
By radiating heat to cold environement via body or ex of ac / heater
-lots lost from the head
Thermolysis
Release of stored heat from the body. 4 types
Thermogenesis
Production of heat and energy from the body is main method of dealing with cold stressors
Heat Illness
Increase in CBT due to inadequate thermolysis
Risk Factors from Medications
Diuretics cause dehydration
Beta blockers limits ability to compensate with heart rate for compensation
Heat Cramps
Acute involuntary muscle spasms
- occur from profuse wearing and sodium loss
- affect those in good physical condition
- increases serum level of potassium with loss of sodium and develops muscle irritabiliy
Heat Cramp Assessment
Hypotension Nausea Rapid pulse Pale and moist skin Normal temperature normally
Management
Move to cool environement
Fluid replenishment
1oz Gateroade to 4oz of water 1:4 ratio
Heat Syncope
Orthostatic syncopal episode from prolonged standing or sitting and suddenly standing and cannot compensate with a sudden sympathetic response
Heat Exhaustion
Mild form of heat illness of volume depletion and heat stress
Two types: water depleted and salt depleted
Exercise associated hyponatremia
Prolonged exertion with excessive fluid intake
Too much water in body in relation to sodium
Assessment
Headache Dizziness Weakness Nausea Vomiting Cramping
Management
Passive Cooling
Fluids
Supine with legs elevated
Oral hydration
Heat Stroke
CBT>104F and AMS
PROTEIN CELLS IN BRAIN start tow twist and break down too fast
Classic Heatstroke
Very old and young people and come in waves of heat
-Dry red hot skin, no longer sweating, vasodialated
Exertion also Heat stroke
Exercising in hot climates
If humidity rises above 75% evaporative cooling is ineffective
-Pale and sweating
Cold Wet Packs
Shunts vasculature and brings chemicals to the core causing dysrhythmia and seizures
Cold Injury
Localized to injuries
Frost Bite
Ischemic injury as superficial or deep depending