Environmental Disease

Question 1

4 exmaples of environmental diseases

Answer 1

1. coal workers pneumoconiosis
2. silicosis
3. asbestos related
4. occupational asthma

Question 2

what is the non neoplastic reaction of the lung to inhaled mineral or organic dust

Answer 2

pneumoconiosis

Question 3

CWP is a term applied to __________ resulting from chronic exposure to coal dust

Answer 3

interstitial disease of the lung

Question 4

Silicosis is due to

Answer 4

inhalation of dust containing silica

Question 5

CWP and silicosis have long ____

Answer 5

latency periods

Question 6

chronic inflammation in the alveoli cause _____ in which inflammatory cells are activated and this activity damages _____

Answer 6

alveolitis, lung tissue

Question 7

inorganic particles are phagocytosed by macrophages in the lung resulting in release of _____ such as cytokines and arachidonic acid metabolites

Answer 7

inflammatory mediators

Question 8

inflammation is followed by ____ phase

Answer 8

reparative

Question 9

what happens in the reperative phase

Answer 9

growth factors stimulate recruitment and proliferation of mesenchymal cells, neovascularization and re epitheliazation of injured tissues

Question 10

the reperatuvr phase may result in ____

Answer 10

abrnomal or uncontrolled repair leading to fibrosis

Question 11

CWP results in lesions called ____

Answer 11

coal dust macules

Question 12

what often surrounds the coal dust macule?

Answer 12

emphysema

Question 13

in advanced CWP condensed masses of black fibrous tissue are seen called

Answer 13

nodules

Question 14

in acute silicosis there is infiltration of the alveolar wall with ______

Answer 14

plasma cells, lymphocytes, fibroblasts and collagen deposition

Question 15

in silicosis, alveoli fill with

Answer 15

eosinophils

Question 16

what occurs in the alveolar walls in silicosis

Answer 16

widening - with collagen and clusters of type 2 cells

Question 17

asbestos fibers are either ____ or ____

Answer 17

serpentine or amphibole

Question 18

what are the three asbestos related diseases

Answer 18

asbestosis, bronchial carcinoma, pleural disease

Question 19

absestosis is also called

Answer 19

diffuse interstitial fibrosis

Question 20

where do asbestos fibers deposit

Answer 20

at branch points in distal airways and alveolar ducts

Question 21

what does asbestosis cause

Answer 21

inflammatory cascade of cellular activation, recruitment and injury = results in fibroblast proliferation and ECM deposition in the interstitial space

Question 22

what can occur after trivial exposure to asbestos

Answer 22

pleural disease

Question 23

what is the most common pleural disease

Answer 23

pleural plaques and pleural thickening

Question 24

changes in pleura results in what type of disease

Answer 24

restrictive type = reduced VC and compliance

Question 25

there is a ____ survival rate with plerual disease

Answer 25

low

Question 26

occupational asthma is defined as

Answer 26

variable airflow obstruction or bronchial hyper responsiveness resulting from conditions attributable to a particular working environment and not to stimuli encountered outside the workplace

Question 27

what percentage of adult onset asthma patients report that they workplace makes their symptoms worse

Answer 27

5-15%

Question 28

occupational asthma can be ___ or ___

Answer 28

immunologically or non immunologically mediated

Question 29

immunologically mediated OA is characterized by

Answer 29

a latency period - necessary for acquiring sensitization

Question 30

what is immunologically mediated OA caused by

Answer 30

broad spectrum of protein derived and natural and synthetic chemicals in the workplace

Question 31

non immunologically mediated OA is characterized by

Answer 31

lack of a latency period

Question 32

what is a possible mechanism of non immunological OA

Answer 32

extensive denudation of epithelium

Question 33

what does N-I OA results in

Answer 33

airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness