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Exams > Environmental Biology Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Environmental Biology Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The term ________ means “to circle or surround” and can be defined as the circumstances or conditions that surround an organism or group of organisms.

A

Environment or environner

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2
Q

Political Science

A

Which policies lead to sustainable solutions?

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3
Q

Chemistry

A

How can we make better batteries?

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3
Q

Economics

A

What are the benefits and costs of energy sources?

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4
Q

Sociology

A

How do people adopt new ideas?

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5
Q

True or false: Environmental science is the study of earth’s natural hazards.

A

False
Reason: Environmental science is the study of our environment and our place in it.

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6
Q

What is the reason why we still have air pollution emitted from factories?

A

The economic responsibility of fixing air pollution is not acceptable to many.

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7
Q

True or false: The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased significantly in the past 200 years.

A

True
Reason: Atmospheric CO2 has increased by about 35 percent in the past 200 years.

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8
Q

Which of the following terms can be defined as the complex of social or cultural conditions that affect an individual or community?

A

Environment

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9
Q

According to the text, why is it important to understand environmental improvements that have occurred in the past?

A

So that we are reminded that the hard work of generations before us was fruitful

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10
Q

Environmental scientists use many other kinds of knowledge to reach their goals. If a scientist wanted to know how best to urge people to adopt new ideas, they would need an understanding of __.

A

sociology

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11
Q

World population is currently estimated at ______ people.

A

7.7 billion

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12
Q

______ is the study of the environment and our place in it.

A

Environmental science

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13
Q

The overall trend in this figure would be considered __ news to environmental scientists.

A

good: Falling total fertility rates in all nations are leading to fewer issues related to overpopulation.

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14
Q

Because our technologies have advanced and we understand how to remediate many environmental problems, the issue of success in fixing environmental problems now is more a matter of __.

A

acceptance

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15
Q

By 2050, we expect that all of the developed countries, and 75 percent of the developing world, will experience a below-replacement fertility rate of ___
children per woman.

A

2.1

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16
Q

Which atmospheric gas has increased by approximately 35 percent in the past 200 years?

A

Carbon dioxide

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17
Q

Which of the following statements correctly describes the current state of global hunger?

A

An estimated 800 million people are currently undernourished.

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18
Q

True or false: It is important to acknowledge how and why conditions on earth have changed over time and to take the time to understand the environmental improvements that have occurred over time.

A

True
Reason: By noting how conditions on earth have changed over time, we are reminded that the hard work of generations before us was fruitful.

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19
Q

Which of the following are involved in the large-scale loss of native species on earth?

A

Introduction of exotic species

Water and air pollution

Habitat destruction

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20
Q

World population growth currently involves the addition of about 80 ______ more people each year.

A

million

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21
Q

The amount of land that we protected or preserved between 1990 and 2018 __

A

increased

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22
Q

Global population is currently __.

A

rising
Rate of growth is falling, but population is still rising.

23
Q

What type of energy resource currently provides the majority of supplies in developed countries?

A

Fossil fuels

24
Q

True or false: Currently, human population growth is being severely hindered by global food production.

A

false

25
Q

The price of photovoltaics has dropped over ______ since the 1980s.

A

90%

26
Q

The UN Environment Programme reports that more than 800 species have disappeared and at least 10,000 species are now considered to be…

A

threatened

27
Q

True or false: Air pollutants are linked to millions of deaths each year.

A

true

28
Q

Many improvements in
_ are associated with monitoring and protection of various species while at the same time promoting human development.

A

conservation

29
Q

People have identified environmental problems and worked to protect nature __.

A

as early as thousands of years ago

30
Q

Which of the following is a likely result of the increased speed at which new ideas, technologies, and strategies are expanding around the world?

A

Developing nations will benefit from the mistakes made by industrialized nations.

31
Q

Early environmental thinkers such as John Muir and Teddy Roosevelt agreed that __.

A

nature and resources should be available to everyone

32
Q

Which of the following are the four distinct stages into which conservation history and environmental activism can be divided?

A

Moral and aesthetic nature preservation

Growing concern about health and ecological damage caused by pollution

Global environmental citizenship

Pragmatic resource conservation

33
Q

Match the person with the type of environmental work he or she was involved with.

A

Theodore Roosevelt

Theodore Roosevelt Drop zone U.S. President that established the framework for national park system correct Toggle Button Unavailable.
U.S. President that established the framework for national park system

John Muir

John Muir Drop zone First president of the Sierra Club; associated with Yosemite National Park correct Toggle Button Unavailable.
First president of the Sierra Club; associated with Yosemite National Park

Aldo Leopold

Aldo Leopold Drop zone Author who championed land stewardship; wrote Sand County Almanac correct Toggle Button Unavailable.
Author who championed land stewardship; wrote Sand County Almanac

Rachel Carson

Rachel Carson Drop zone Through Silent Spring, awakened people to the threat of pollution correct Toggle Button Unavailable.
Through Silent Spring, awakened people to the threat of pollution

34
Q

______ is the idea that nature has a right to exist for its own sake, whether it is useful to humans or not.

A

Biocentric preservation

35
Q

Which of the following is the leading cause of the modern environmental movement?

A

Rising levels of many types of pollution

36
Q

rachel carson’s book

A

silent spring

37
Q

Bill McKibben started the group
___
.org that works to raise awareness about climate change.

A

350

38
Q

John Muir was an outspoken proponent of biocentric preservation, claiming that nature ______.

A

had a fundamental right to exist

39
Q

What is the name of the idea that we need to protect the planet and its systems as a whole

A

Global environmentalism

40
Q

The book, Silent Spring, warned of the looming threat of

A

pollution and toxic chemicals

41
Q

What is 350.org?

A

A student organization that demonstrates about climate change

42
Q

Match the person to the type of social-justice-through-environmental-quality work they promoted.

A

Van Jones
Created green jobs in the United States

Dr. Wangari Maathai
Founded the Green Belt Movement in Kenya

43
Q

Global environmentalism

A

focuses our efforts on the life-support systems of the whole planet

reminds us that we all share a common environment

shifts our attention away from questions of preserving just a particular landscape

44
Q

Match the following environmental ethics terms with their correct definitions.

A

Ethics
A sense of right and wrong

Moral extensionism
Widening the circle of value to include the environment

Inherent value
The intrinsic right for nature to exist

Instrumental value
Significance relating to usefulness

45
Q

Dr. Wangari Maathai and Van Jones are both know for promoting
_____
justice through environmental quality.

A

social

46
Q

According to the text, many religious leaders are including stewardship in their messages. In so doing, they urge us to take care of __

A

all the resources we have been given

47
Q

Environmental ethics extends
____
and inherent value to plants, animals, and nonliving items such as water, rocks, and mountains.

A

morality

48
Q

A recent study of LULUs revealed a ______ correlation between minorities and hazardous waste facilities.

A

strong-Minorities make up twice as large a population share in communities with locally unwanted land uses (LULUs).

49
Q

The Ohito Declaration was written by representatives of nine major ___
and outlines spiritual principles and courses of action that concern earth’s environment.

A

religions

50
Q

Environmental ___
is inequitable distribution of environmental hazards based on race.

A

racism

51
Q

Civil rights and environmental protection come together in environmental ___
, with a goal that everyone has a safe and healthy place to live.

A

justice

52
Q

Toxic colonialism refers to the practice of __

A

targeting poor communities of color in the developing nations for waste disposal or experimentation with risky technologies

53
Q

LULU

A

locally unwanted land use

54
Q
A

Exams (14 decks)

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