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MATSCIE > ENVIRONMENTAL > Flashcards

ENVIRONMENTAL Flashcards

1
Q

__________ is nonbiodegradable and recyclable inasmuch as it
experienced very little corrosion

A

aluminum

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2
Q

__________is biodegradable and nonrecyclable.

A

Steel

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3
Q

biodegradable poly(lactic acid) fork took how many days to degrade?

A

45 days

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4
Q

____________ have
economic consequences with regard to
both material and production costs.

A

Materials engineering decisions

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5
Q

Materials engineering decisions have economic consequence with regards to both ______

A

material and production cost

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6
Q

t or f: An awareness of environmental and
societal issues is important for the
engineer because, over time, greater
demands are being made on the world’s
natural resources

A

true

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7
Q

___________ have impacts
on the consumption of raw materials and
energy, on the contamination of our water
and atmosphere, on human health, on global
climate change, and on the ability of the
consumer to recycle or dispose of spent
products

A

Materials engineering decisions

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8
Q

t or f: The quality of life for this and future
generations will depend, to some degree, on
how these issues are addressed by the global
engineering community

A

true

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9
Q

what are some of the Many selection criteria
related to material properties or property
combinations

A

mechanical, electrical,
thermal, corrosion

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10
Q

t or f: the
performance of some component will depend
on the properties of the material from which it
is made

A

true

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11
Q

__________may also play a role in the
selection process

A

Processability or ease of fabrication of the
component

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12
Q

Other criteria that should be addressed
involve environmental and societal issues
such as_____________

A

pollution, disposal, recycling,
toxicity, and energy

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13
Q

Engineering practice involves
____________ to design
components and systems that perform
reliably and satisfactorily

A

 using scientific principles

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14
Q

____________ simply stated, the company or
institution must realize a profit from the
products that it manufactures and sells

A

economics;

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15
Q

materials engineer has control over three
factors that affect the cost of a
product

A

(1)component design
(2)the material(s) used
(3)the manufacturing technique(s)

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16
Q

Some fraction of the cost of a component is
associated with its ______

A

design

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17
Q

____________ is the specification of
size, shape, and configuration, which will
affect in-service component performance

A

Component design

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18
Q

_______ is a highly iterative
process that involves many compromises
and trade-offs

A

Component design

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19
Q

t or f:The engineer should keep in
mind that an optimal component design may
not be possible because of system
constraints

A

true

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20
Q

t or f: In terms of economics, we want to select
the material or materials with the
appropriate combination(s) of properties
that are the least expensive, which may
also include consideration of availability

A

true

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20
Q

t or f: In terms of economics, we want to select
the material or materials with the
appropriate combination(s) of properties
that are the least expensive, which may
also include consideration of availability

A

true

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21
Q

Once a family of materials has been
selected that satisfy the design
constraints, ___________ of the
various candidate materials may be made
on the basis of cost per part

A

cost comparisons

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22
Q

the choice of ___________ will
be influenced by both the material
selected and part design

A

manufacturing process

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23
Q

The entire
manufacturing process will normally
consist of _________

A

primary and secondary
operations.

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24
Q

Those that convert the raw material into a
recognizable part

A

Primary operations

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25
Q

example of primary operations

A

casting
plastic forming
powder compaction
molding

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26
Q

Those subsequently employed to
produce the finished part

A

secondary operations

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27
Q

example of
Secondary Operations

A

heat treatments
Welding
Grinding
Drilling
Painting
decorating

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28
Q

major cost considerations

A

Capital equipment
Tooling
Labor
Repairs
Machine downtime
Waste

29
Q

impacts are
economic and environmental in type, and
international in scope inasmuch as

A

a. the resources required for a new technology
often come from many different countries
b.the economic prosperity resulting from
technological development is global in extent
c. environmental impacts may extend beyond the
boundaries of a single country

30
Q

represents the “cradle- to-grave” life
circuit of a material
Total materials cycle or Materials cycle

A

total materials
cycle

31
Q

extracted from their
natural earthly habitats by mining, drilling,
harvesting

A

raw mat

32
Q

results in
products that are what may be termed
engineered materials

A

synthesis and processing

33
Q

metal alloys,
ceramic powders, glass, plastics,
composites, semiconductors, and
elastomers

A

engineered materials

34
Q

These engineered materials are further
shaped, treated, and assembled into
products, devices, and appliances that are
ready for the consumer

A

“product design, manufacture,
assembly”

35
Q

the consumer purchases
these products and uses them

A

application stage

36
Q

they wear out or become obsolete,
and are discarded

A

waste

37
Q

t or f: waste can either be recycled/ reused or disposed

A

true

38
Q

wastes are normally _________and so they return to the
earth and complete the materials cycle

A

incinerated or dumped

39
Q

_______must be supplied at each cycle
stage

A

energy

40
Q

is a resource that, to some
degree, is limited in supply, and measures
must be taken to conserve and more
effectively use it in the production,
application, and disposal of materials

A

energy

41
Q

impacts of waste on the natural environment

A

Ecological damage and landscape
spoilage
Pollutants may be generated that are
expelled into the air and water during
synthesis and processing
Toxic chemicals
It should be biodegradable

42
Q

the usage of this _______obviates the need
to extract raw materials from the earth

A

recycled mat

43
Q

Et or f: energy requirements for the refinement
and processing of recycled materials are
normally more than for their natural
counterparts

A

f

44
Q

t or f There is a need to dispose of recycled
materials

A

f

45
Q

ne approach that is being implemented by
industry to improve the environmental
performance of products

A

Life Cycle Analysis/Assessment

46
Q

With this approach to product design,
consideration is given to the cradle-to-grave
environmental assessment of the product,
from material extraction to product
manufacture to product use, and, finally, to
recycling and disposal and is also labeled as _______

A

green design

47
Q

represents the ability to
maintain an acceptable lifestyle at the
present level and into the indefinite future
while preserving the environment

A

sustainability

48
Q

For engineers, this concept of
_________ translates into being
responsible for the development of
sustainable products

A

sustainability

49
Q

has been
established to help organizations comply
with applicable laws and regulations and
address the delicate balance between
being profitable and reducing impacts on
the environment

A

ISO (International Organization for
Standardization) 14001

50
Q

The issues of ___________ are important when new
materials are being designed and
synthesized

A

recyclability and
disposability

51
Q

means that a material, after
completing its life cycle in one component,
could be reprocessed, could re-enter the
materials cycle, and could be reused in
another component

A

recyclable

52
Q

by interactions with the environment
(natural chemicals, microorganisms,
oxygen, heat, sunlight, etc.), the material
deteriorates and returns to virtually the
same state in which it existed prior to the
initial processing

A

completely biodegradable

53
Q

Most __________, experience
corrosion and are also biodegradable

A

metal alloys (i.e., Fe, Cu),

54
Q

However, ___________ are toxic
and, when placed in landfills, may present
health hazards

A

some metals (i.e., Hg, Pb)

55
Q

alloys of most
metals are recyclable

A

true

56
Q

it is
feasible to recycle all alloys of every
metal

A

false

57
Q

the quality of alloys that are
recycled tends to diminish with each cycle

A

true

58
Q

are very corrosion resistant
and, therefore, nonbiodegradable

A

aluminum alloys

59
Q

is a relatively inert material, and, it does not decompose;
thus, it is not biodegradable

A

glass

60
Q

A significant proportion of municipal landfills consists of waste
glass; there is no significant economic driving force for recycling
glass

A

true

61
Q

salvaged glass or

A

cullet

62
Q

color sorting of cullet

A

amver, clear and green

63
Q

sorting of composition of cullet

A

(lime,
lead, and borosilicates

64
Q

borosilicate is also called

A

pyrex

65
Q

Most polymers are not biodegradable, and,
therefore, don’t biodegrade in landfills

A

true

66
Q

because some polymers
are combustible and do not yield appreciable
toxic or polluting emissions, they may be
disposed of by _________

A

incineration

67
Q

examples of thermoplastic polymers

A

poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyethylene,
and polypropylene

68
Q

are those most amenable
to reclamation and recycling, because they
may be re-formed upon heating

A

thermoplastic polymer

69
Q

Typical applications for recycled plastics
include shoe soles, tool handles, and
industrial products such as pallets

A

true

MATSCIE (4 decks)

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