ENVIRONMENTAL

Question 1

__________ is nonbiodegradable and recyclable inasmuch as it
experienced very little corrosion

Answer 1

aluminum

Question 2

__________is biodegradable and nonrecyclable.

Answer 2

Steel

Question 3

biodegradable poly(lactic acid) fork took how many days to degrade?

Answer 3

45 days

Question 4

____________ have
economic consequences with regard to
both material and production costs.

Answer 4

Materials engineering decisions

Question 5

Materials engineering decisions have economic consequence with regards to both ______

Answer 5

material and production cost

Question 6

t or f: An awareness of environmental and
societal issues is important for the
engineer because, over time, greater
demands are being made on the world’s
natural resources

Answer 6

true

Question 7

___________ have impacts
on the consumption of raw materials and
energy, on the contamination of our water
and atmosphere, on human health, on global
climate change, and on the ability of the
consumer to recycle or dispose of spent
products

Answer 7

Materials engineering decisions

Question 8

t or f: The quality of life for this and future
generations will depend, to some degree, on
how these issues are addressed by the global
engineering community

Answer 8

true

Question 9

what are some of the Many selection criteria
related to material properties or property
combinations

Answer 9

mechanical, electrical,
thermal, corrosion

Question 10

t or f: the
performance of some component will depend
on the properties of the material from which it
is made

Answer 10

true

Question 11

__________may also play a role in the
selection process

Answer 11

Processability or ease of fabrication of the
component

Question 12

Other criteria that should be addressed
involve environmental and societal issues
such as_____________

Answer 12

pollution, disposal, recycling,
toxicity, and energy

Question 13

Engineering practice involves
____________ to design
components and systems that perform
reliably and satisfactorily

Answer 13

 using scientific principles

Question 14

____________ simply stated, the company or
institution must realize a profit from the
products that it manufactures and sells

Answer 14

economics;

Question 15

materials engineer has control over three
factors that affect the cost of a
product

Answer 15

(1)component design
(2)the material(s) used
(3)the manufacturing technique(s)

Question 16

Some fraction of the cost of a component is
associated with its ______

Answer 16

design

Question 17

____________ is the specification of
size, shape, and configuration, which will
affect in-service component performance

Answer 17

Component design

Question 18

_______ is a highly iterative
process that involves many compromises
and trade-offs

Answer 18

Component design

Question 19

t or f:The engineer should keep in
mind that an optimal component design may
not be possible because of system
constraints

Answer 19

true

Question 20

t or f: In terms of economics, we want to select
the material or materials with the
appropriate combination(s) of properties
that are the least expensive, which may
also include consideration of availability

Answer 20

true

Question 20

t or f: In terms of economics, we want to select
the material or materials with the
appropriate combination(s) of properties
that are the least expensive, which may
also include consideration of availability

Answer 20

true

Question 21

Once a family of materials has been
selected that satisfy the design
constraints, ___________ of the
various candidate materials may be made
on the basis of cost per part

Answer 21

cost comparisons

Question 22

the choice of ___________ will
be influenced by both the material
selected and part design

Answer 22

manufacturing process

Question 23

The entire
manufacturing process will normally
consist of _________

Answer 23

primary and secondary
operations.

Question 24

Those that convert the raw material into a recognizable part

Answer 24

Primary operations

Question 25

example of primary operations

Answer 25

casting plastic forming powder compaction molding

Question 26

Those subsequently employed to produce the finished part

Answer 26

secondary operations

Question 27

example of Secondary Operations

Answer 27

heat treatments Welding Grinding Drilling Painting decorating

Question 28

major cost considerations

Answer 28

Capital equipment Tooling Labor Repairs Machine downtime Waste

Question 29

impacts are economic and environmental in type, and international in scope inasmuch as

Answer 29

a. the resources required for a new technology often come from many different countries b.the economic prosperity resulting from technological development is global in extent c. environmental impacts may extend beyond the boundaries of a single country

Question 30

represents the “cradle- to-grave” life circuit of a material Total materials cycle or Materials cycle

Answer 30

total materials cycle

Question 31

extracted from their natural earthly habitats by mining, drilling, harvesting

Answer 31

raw mat

Question 32

results in products that are what may be termed engineered materials

Answer 32

synthesis and processing

Question 33

metal alloys, ceramic powders, glass, plastics, composites, semiconductors, and elastomers

Answer 33

engineered materials

Question 34

These engineered materials are further shaped, treated, and assembled into products, devices, and appliances that are ready for the consumer

Answer 34

“product design, manufacture, assembly"

Question 35

the consumer purchases these products and uses them

Answer 35

application stage

Question 36

they wear out or become obsolete, and are discarded

Answer 36

waste

Question 37

t or f: waste can either be recycled/ reused or disposed

Answer 37

true

Question 38

wastes are normally _________and so they return to the earth and complete the materials cycle

Answer 38

incinerated or dumped

Question 39

_______must be supplied at each cycle stage

Answer 39

energy

Question 40

is a resource that, to some degree, is limited in supply, and measures must be taken to conserve and more effectively use it in the production, application, and disposal of materials

Answer 40

energy

Question 41

impacts of waste on the natural environment

Answer 41

Ecological damage and landscape spoilage Pollutants may be generated that are expelled into the air and water during synthesis and processing Toxic chemicals It should be biodegradable

Question 42

the usage of this _______obviates the need to extract raw materials from the earth

Answer 42

recycled mat

Question 43

Et or f: energy requirements for the refinement and processing of recycled materials are normally more than for their natural counterparts

Answer 43

f

Question 44

t or f There is a need to dispose of recycled materials

Answer 44

f

Question 45

ne approach that is being implemented by industry to improve the environmental performance of products

Answer 45

Life Cycle Analysis/Assessment

Question 46

With this approach to product design, consideration is given to the cradle-to-grave environmental assessment of the product, from material extraction to product manufacture to product use, and, finally, to recycling and disposal and is also labeled as _______

Answer 46

green design

Question 47

represents the ability to maintain an acceptable lifestyle at the present level and into the indefinite future while preserving the environment

Answer 47

sustainability

Question 48

For engineers, this concept of _________ translates into being responsible for the development of sustainable products

Answer 48

sustainability

Question 49

has been established to help organizations comply with applicable laws and regulations and address the delicate balance between being profitable and reducing impacts on the environment

Answer 49

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 14001

Question 50

The issues of ___________ are important when new materials are being designed and synthesized

Answer 50

recyclability and disposability

Question 51

means that a material, after completing its life cycle in one component, could be reprocessed, could re-enter the materials cycle, and could be reused in another component

Answer 51

recyclable

Question 52

by interactions with the environment (natural chemicals, microorganisms, oxygen, heat, sunlight, etc.), the material deteriorates and returns to virtually the same state in which it existed prior to the initial processing

Answer 52

completely biodegradable

Question 53

Most __________, experience corrosion and are also biodegradable

Answer 53

metal alloys (i.e., Fe, Cu),

Question 54

However, ___________ are toxic and, when placed in landfills, may present health hazards

Answer 54

some metals (i.e., Hg, Pb)

Question 55

alloys of most metals are recyclable

Answer 55

true

Question 56

it is feasible to recycle all alloys of every metal

Answer 56

false

Question 57

the quality of alloys that are recycled tends to diminish with each cycle

Answer 57

true

Question 58

are very corrosion resistant and, therefore, nonbiodegradable

Answer 58

aluminum alloys

Question 59

is a relatively inert material, and, it does not decompose; thus, it is not biodegradable

Answer 59

glass

Question 60

A significant proportion of municipal landfills consists of waste glass; there is no significant economic driving force for recycling glass

Answer 60

true

Question 61

salvaged glass or

Answer 61

cullet

Question 62

color sorting of cullet

Answer 62

amver, clear and green

Question 63

sorting of composition of cullet

Answer 63

(lime, lead, and borosilicates

Question 64

borosilicate is also called

Answer 64

pyrex

Question 65

Most polymers are not biodegradable, and, therefore, don’t biodegrade in landfills

Answer 65

true

Question 66

because some polymers are combustible and do not yield appreciable toxic or polluting emissions, they may be disposed of by _________

Answer 66

incineration

Question 67

examples of thermoplastic polymers

Answer 67

poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyethylene, and polypropylene

Question 68

are those most amenable to reclamation and recycling, because they may be re-formed upon heating

Answer 68

thermoplastic polymer

Question 69

Typical applications for recycled plastics include shoe soles, tool handles, and industrial products such as pallets

Answer 69

true