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MATSCIE > COMPOSITES > Flashcards

COMPOSITES Flashcards

1
Q

materials such as wood,
bricks made from straw-reinforced clay, seashells

A

multiphase materials

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2
Q

the recognition of this novel concept of
combining dissimilar materials during manufacture
led to the identification of ______

A

composites

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3
Q

is considered to be any
multiphase material that exhibits a
significant proportion of the properties of
both constituent phases such that a better
combination of properties is realized.

A

composite

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4
Q

It is a multiphase material that is artificially
made, as opposed to one that occurs or
forms naturally

A

composites

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5
Q

a new generation of
extraordinary
materials

A

composites

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6
Q

Most composites have been
created to improve combinations of
mechanical characteristics such as

A

stiffness, toughness, and ambient and high-temperature strength

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7
Q

better
property combinations are
fashioned by the judicious
combination of two or more
distinct materials

A

PRINCIPLE OF
COMBINED ACTION

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8
Q

is continuous and
surrounds the other phase

A

Matrix phase

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9
Q

is continuous and
surrounds the other phase

A

Matrix phase

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10
Q

the one that is being
surrounded by the matrix

A

Dispersed phase

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11
Q

means the shape of the particles
and the particle size, distribution, and
orientation;

A

Dispersed phase geometry

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12
Q

The dispersed phase for particle-reinforced
composites

A

equiaxed

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13
Q

or fiber-reinforced composites, the
dispersed phase has

A

geometry of a fiber

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14
Q

particle
dimensions are approximately the same in all
directions

A

equiaxed

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15
Q

large length to diameter ratio

A

fiber

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16
Q

are multilayered and
designed to have low densities and high
degrees of structural integrity

A

Structural composites

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17
Q

dimensions of the dispersed
phase particles are on the order of
nanometers.

A

nanocomposites

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18
Q

two subclassifications of particle-reinforced
composites.

A
  • Large-particle and dispersion-strengthened composites
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19
Q

used to indicate that particle–matrix interactions cannot be
treated on the atomic or molecular level

A

large

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20
Q

For most of these composites, the___________-
harder and stiffer than the matrix.

A

the particulate phase

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21
Q

the degree of reinforcement or improvement of
mechanical behavior depends on strong bonding at the matrix

A

true

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22
Q

Some polymeric materials to which fillers
have been added are

A

large-particle
composites.

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23
Q

modify or
improve the properties of the material and/or
replace some of the polymer volume with a
less expensive material

A

filler

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24
Q

familiar large-particle composite

A

concrete

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25
Q

cement is the

A

matrix

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26
Q

sand and gravel are the

A

particulates

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27
Q

For effective reinforcement, the
particles should be small and evenly distributed
throughout the matrix

A

TRUE

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28
Q

IT Influences the behavior; mechanical
properties are enhanced with increasing particulate
content.

A

VOLUME FRACTION

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29
Q

predict that the elastic modulus should fall between an
upper bound

A

rule of mixtures

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30
Q

are examples of ceramic–metal composites

A

cermets

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31
Q

the most common cermet

A

cemented carbide

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32
Q

is composed of extremely hard particles of a
refractory carbide ceramic such as tungsten carbide

A

cemented carbide

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33
Q

cermets are extensively used in

A

cutting tools

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34
Q

are frequently
reinforced with various particulate materials

A

elastomers and plastics

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35
Q

. Use of
many modern rubbers would be severely restricted
without reinforcing particulate materials such as

A

carbon black.

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36
Q

consists of very small
and essentially spherical particles of carbon,
produced by the combustion of natural gas or oil in
an atmosphere that has only a limited air supp

A

carbon black

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37
Q

When added to vulcanized rubber, this extremely
inexpensive material enhances tensile strength,
toughness, and tear and abrasion resistance

A

carbon black

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38
Q

implies a composite material consisting of an aggregate
of particles

A

concrete

39
Q

some type of binding medium,

A

cement

40
Q

The two
most familiar concretes are those made with

A

portland and asphaltic cement

41
Q

is widely used primarily as a
paving material

A

Asphaltic concrete

42
Q

is
employed extensively as a structural building mater

A

Portland cement concrete

43
Q

The ingredients for this concrete are Portland cement, a
fine aggregate (sand), a coarse aggregate (gravel),
and water.

A

portland cement concrete

44
Q

act as a filler material to
reduce the overall cost of the concrete product because
they are cheap,

A

aggregate particles

45
Q

s a major material of construction,
primarily because it can be poured in place and hardens at
room temperature and even when submerged in water

A

Portland cement concrete

46
Q

is relatively weak and extremely brittle

A

portland cement concrete

47
Q

large concrete structures can
experience considerable thermal expansion and contraction
with temperature fluctuations

A

true

48
Q

In addition, water penetrates
into external pores, which can cause severe cracking in cold
weather as a consequence

A

freeze–thaw cycles.

49
Q

serves as a suitable reinforcement
material

A

steel

50
Q

its coefficient of thermal
expansion is nearly the same as that of
concrete

A

steel

51
Q

steel is not rapidly
corroded in the cement environment, and a
relatively strong adhesive bond is formed
between it and the cured concret

A

true

52
Q

Portland cement concrete may also be
reinforced by mixing fibers of a high-
modulus
material such as glass, steel, nylon, or
polyethylene

A

true

53
Q

the introduction of
residual compressive stresses into the structural
member; the resulting material

A

prestressed concrete

54
Q

Thus, to fracture a
prestressed concrete member, the magnitude of
the precompressive stress must be exceeded by an
applied tensile stress.

A

true

55
Q

stresses are applied after
the concrete hardens

A

posttensioning

56
Q

the increase in strength may disappear upon heat
treatment as a consequence of precipitate growth

A

precipitation-hardened
alloys,

57
Q

thoria (ThO2) as finely dispersed particles;
this material

A

thoria-dispersed (or TD)
nickel

58
Q

flakes of
aluminum, which are dispersed within an aluminum
metal matrix; this material is termed

A

sintered aluminum powder

59
Q

echnologically, the most important composites are
those in which the dispersed phase is in the form of a

A

fiber

60
Q

Continuous fibers are
normally

A

aligned

61
Q

discontinuous fibers may be

A

aligned, randomly oriented, or partially oriented

62
Q

the load is applied at a 90° angle
to the direction of fiber alignment.

A

transverse direction

63
Q

The strengths of continuous and unidirectional fibrous
composites

A

highly anisotropic

64
Q

When multidirectional stresses are imposed
within a single plane, aligned layers that are
fastened together on top of one another at
different orientations are frequently used.

A

laminar composites

65
Q

are very thin single crystals that have extremely
large length-to-diameter ratios.

A

whiskers

66
Q

hey have a high degree of crystalline perfection
and are virtually flaw-free, which accounts for their
exceptionally high strengths; they are among the strongest
known materials.

A

whiskers

67
Q

include graphite, silicon carbide, silicon nitride,
and aluminum oxide

A

whiskers

68
Q

are either
polycrystalline or amorphous and have small
diameters; fibrous materials are generally either
polymers or ceramics (e.g., the polymer aramids,
glass, carbon, boron, aluminum oxide, and silicon
carbide).

A

Fibers

69
Q

used as a radial steel reinforcement in
automobile tires, in filament-wound rocket
casings, and in wire-wound high-pressure
hoses

A

wires

70
Q

used as a radial steel reinforcement in
automobile tires, in filament-wound rocket
casings, and in wire-wound high-pressure
hoses

A

Polymer–matrix composites

71
Q

is simply a composite consisting of glass fibers, either continuous or
discontinuous, contained within a polymer matrix; this type of composite is
produced in the largest quantities

A

fiberglass

72
Q

is a high-performance fiber material that is the most commonly
used reinforcement in advanced (i.e., nonfiberglass) polymer-matrix
composites.

A

carbon

73
Q

are high-strength, high-modulus materials that were
introduced in the early 1970s. They are especially desirable for their
outstanding strength-to-weight ratios, which are superior to those of
metals.

A

aramid fibers

74
Q

Chemically, this group of materials is known as
poly(paraphenylene terephthalamide).

A

aramid fibers

75
Q

There are a number of
aramid materials; trade names for two of the most common are

A

Kevlar and Nomex

75
Q

There are a number of
aramid materials; trade names for two of the most common are

A

Kevlar and Nomex

76
Q

have been used in military
aircraft components, helicopter rotor blades, and
sporting goods.

A

Boron fiber–reinforced
polymer composites

77
Q

are used in tennis rackets, circuit
boards, military armor, and rocket nose cones

A

Silicon carbide and aluminum
oxide fibers

78
Q

the most widely used and least expensive polymer resins are

A

the
polyesters and vinyl esters.

79
Q

that is, converted into carbon by
heating in an inert atmosphere; during pyrolysis,
molecular components consisting of oxygen,
hydrogen, and nitrogen are driven off, leaving
behind large carbon-chain molecules

A

pyrolyzed

80
Q

which is
obtained by using two or more different kinds of fibers in a single
matrix

A

hybrid

81
Q

is used for the manufacture of components
having continuous lengths and a constant cross-sectional
shape

A

Pultrusion

82
Q

is the composite industry’s term for
continuous-fiber reinforcement
preimpregnated with a polymer resin that is
only partially cured.

A

Prepreg

83
Q

a process where tows are
then sandwiched and pressed between sheets of release
and carrier paper using heated rollers,

A

calendering

84
Q

spreads the resin into a film of
uniform thickness and width.

A

doctor blade

85
Q

is a process by which
continuous reinforcing fibers are accurately
positioned in a predetermined pattern to form a
hollow (usually cylindrical) shape.

A

filament winding

86
Q

is a multi-layered and
normally low-density composite used in
applications requiring structural integrity,
ordinarily high tensile, compressive, and
torsional strengths and stiffnesses.

A

structural composites

87
Q

s composed of two-
dimensional sheets or panels (plies or laminae)
bonded to one another.

A

laminar composites

88
Q

a class of structural composites,
are designed to be lightweight beams or panels
having relatively high stiffnesses and strengths.

A

sandwich panels

89
Q

The material’s world is experiencing a revolution with
the development of a new class composite materials

A

nanocomposites

90
Q

single- and multi-wall carbon
nanotubes, graphene sheets and carbon
nanofibers

A

nanocarbons

91
Q

layered silicates; the most
common type is montmorillonite clay.

A

nanoclays

92
Q

inorganic oxides
such silica, alumina, zirconia, halfnia, and
titania

A

Particulate nanocrystals

93
Q

Nanocomposite coatings are also
used to increase air pressure retention for automobile tires and
sports (e.g., tennis, soccer) balls. These coatings are
composed of small and exfoliated vermiculite platelets that are
embedded in the tire/ sports ball rubber

A

Gas-barrier coatings

MATSCIE (4 decks)

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