Environmental Flashcards
Deals with the natural world. It is concerned with the phenomena and objects of nature and the physical world.
Natural Science
formed in natural sciences must be verified scientifically to be regarded as ascientific theory.
Hypothesis
Natural science includes fields such:
Biology
Chemistry
Physics
Earth science
Astronomy
systematized knowledge derived from and tested by recognition and formulation of a problem, collection of data through observation, and experimentation.
science
thebranch of sciencedevoted to the study ofsocietiesand therelationshipsamongindividualswithin those societies.
Social science
Social science includes fields such as
Economics
political science
Law
Geography
education
History
Linguistics
anthropology
the disciplines of biology, chemistry, and physics (and their subdisciplines of microbiology, organic chemistry, nuclear physics, etc.) are focused on a particular aspect of natural science, ______________ in its broadest sense encompasses all the fields of natural science.
Environmental science
a profession that applies mathematics and science to utilize the properties of matter and sources of energy in the solution of problems of environmental sanitation.
Environmental engineering
Primary types of pollutions
Water Pollution
Air Pollution
Noise Pollution
Land
is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.
Sustainable development (Sustainability)
the contamination ofwater bodies, usually as a result of human activities.
Water Pollution
4 Main Categories of Water Pollutants
Pathogens
Inorganic Material
Organic Material
Macroscopic Pollutants
can be bacteria, protozoa or viruses. Bacteria, for example, are commonly found in water;
Pathogens
in particular heavy metals like arsenic, mercury, copper, chromium, zinc and barium — though harmless in very small concentrations, act as pollutants when they end up concentrated in water.
Contains no carbon
Inorganic Materials
These materials contain molecules that have carbon in their makeup. One of the most frequently detected volatile organic chemicals is methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE).
Organic Material
are large, visible items in waterways or bodies of water. The first common pollutant is trash: especially plastic waste.
Macroscopic Pollutants
MAIN CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION
Sometimes caused by nature (Mercury filter on earth’s crust)
Most likely due to human activites
Rising global temperaturescaused by CO2emissions heat the water,reducing its oxygen content.
Global Warming or Maritime Traffic
Fellingforestscanexhaust water resourcesand generate organic residue which becomes a breeding ground for harmful bacteria.
Deforestration
Chemical dumping from these sectors is one of the main causes ofeutrophication of water.
Industry, agriculture and livestock farminng
The UN says that more than80% of the world’s sewagefinds its way into seas and rivers untreated.
Rubbish and faecal water dumping
The transportation and storage of oil and its derivatives is subject toleakagethat pollutes our water resources.
Fuel spillage
the presence of substances in theatmospherethat are harmful to thehealthofhumansand otherliving beings, or cause damage to theclimateor to materials.
Air Pollution
5 Major Causes of Air Pollution
Industry
Vehicle Emissions
Household and Farming Chemicals
Deforestation
Smoking
are a major contributor to air pollution. Industrial processes discharge pollutants such as nitrous oxide and hydrofluorocarbons into the air. Petroleum refineries also liberate lots of hydrocarbons into the air.
Industry
livestock rearing and landfills also add to atmospheric methane concentrations
Agricultural practices
are another source of fossil fuel emissions which invariably leads to air pollution. Cars, heavy duty trucks, shipping vessels, trains, and airplanes all burn lots of fossil fuels to work
Vehicle Emissions
affects the atmosphere in more than a few ways. Forests act as sponges for carbon dioxide through a process called carbon sequestration.
Deforestation
True or False?
there is no globally accepted composite
index of water quality,
True
Water Quality Parameters
Selected parameters must have standard limit prescribed by
WHO/BIS/ICM
WQI developed by
Brown 1972
In 2012, the United Nations Conference onSustainable Developmentmet to discuss and develop a set of goals to work toward;
Sustainable Development = economy + environment + social community
PDP
Philippine Development Plane (2017 -2022)
depositionof solid or liquid waste materials on land or underground in a manner that can contaminate thesoilandgroundwater, threatenpublic health, and cause unsightly conditions and nuisances.
Land Pollution
Major types and causes of land pollution
Agricultural Land Pollution
Non-biodegradable Solid Waste
Industrial Waste
Deforestation
Mining
We use a lot of fertilizers as well as pesticides, fungicides, and insecticides on our agricultural land in a bid to maximize yields.
These agricultural inputs are all loaded with chemicals. The chemicals are effective in killing the pests and increasing production. But they also strip the soil of its minerals and other valuable compounds.
Agricultural Land Pollution
There is a lot of waste that is generated in our homes, schools, hospitals, shops, and even workplaces. Most of this waste is non-biodegradable. It can take up to millions of years to decompose completely.
Includes metals, glass, and plastic products
Non-biodegradable Solid Waste
are normally generated from agricultural produce processors, oil refineries, pharmaceuticals, construction sites, and energy producing power plants.
Industrial Waste
also occur when we cut down trees to clear land for agriculture, construction, mining or other economic activities.
Land degradationand pollution
leads to the total loss of the land’s value. Elimination of natural vegetation disrupts the ecosystem, adversely affecting various life forms.
Deforestation
extraction of materials and ores from under the Earth’s surface also contributes to land pollution. These include the extraction of metals, oil, coal, stones, stand, and mineral ores such as gold.
Mining
Solutions for Land Pollution
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Proper Waste Disposal
also known asenvironmental noiseor soundpollution
Noise Pollution
the propagation of noise with ranging impacts on the activity of human or animal life, most of them harmful to a degree.
Noise Pollution
refers to noise that is produced continuously by machinery that does not stop working
Continuous Noise
caused by the running of industrial machinery and appliances which can produce continuous or impulsive noise.
Industrial Noise
refers to the quick rise or drop in the noise volume.
Can be a form of MRT train passing through occasionally
Intermittent Noise
is characterised by its sudden and fast nature.
Pile drivers used by construction
Impulsive noise
refers to the background noise that we hear in our surroundings.
Low frequency noise
noise (500 Hertz and lower) from various sources is an increasingly common form of environmental noise pollution in urban environments and it can also be quite a challenging problem to treat effectively
Low Frequency Noise
CAUSES OF NOISE POLLUTION
Traffic Noise
Air Traffic Noise
Construction Noise
Catering and Night life
Animals
