Environment & Development Flashcards
Environmental problems are not…
UNIFORM
Why do the Global South suffer environmental problems?
Primary, unregulated economies -> poor unequally burdened
Why do the Global North suffer environmental problems?
- Manufacturing
- Services
- Heavy polluters
- High consumption
Onset of industrial society/development age caused…
Huge changes in the environment-development relationship
What are the 2 key views of sustainable development?
- Technocentric/management view
- Ecocentric/people centred view
What event caused huge changes in the environment-development relationship?
Onset of industrial society/development age
What are global commons?
Resource domains/areas that lie outside of the political reach of any one nation State
What does international law identify as the 4 global commons?
High Seas
Atmosphere
Antarctica
Outer Space.
What happened in the 1960s/70s?
Awareness increase, realisation of the crisis
When was the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) created?
1972 UN Conference on Human Environment in Stockholm
What is the IPCC and when was it created?
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 1988
What occurred in 1985?
Montreal Protocol
What did the 1985 1985 Montreal Protocol call for?
Ozone depletion & CFCs GLOBAL ACTION
Al Gedicks (The New Resource Wars 1993)
RESOURCE WARS
Struggle over remaining natural resources between indigenous/traditional/peasant peoples, state and national governments, and transnational corporations.
What is ecocide?
Destruction of ecosystems
What is ethnocide?
Destruction of ancient/traditional/indigenous cultures
What is genocide?
Murder of people
Subsistence lifestyles are what compared to modern (neoliberal, market-driven) ones?
More secure, independent, and self-determining
What does Fairtrade aim to do/provide?
1) Producer cooperatives
2) Nurturing cultural and political autonomy within communities
3) Worker self-management of factories
4) Indigenous controlled education, healthcare, economics and politics
What are the 6 critical areas/challenges of human impact upon the environment?
1) Food security
2) Health
3) Poverty
4) Water
5) Displacement
6) Security
Food security
More poor people, suffer from hunger due to:
- reduced agricultural yield
- livestock
- fish supply
…as a result of environmental degradation.
Health
Health threats like:
- diarrhoea
- malaria
- asthma
- stroke
…affect more people when temperatures rise.
Poverty
Livelihoods are destroyed when income from:
- agriculture
- livestock
- tourism
- fishing
…is lost due to weather-related disasters and desertification
Water
Increased water scarcity results from:
- decline in the overall supply of clean water
- more frequent and severe floods and drought
