Environment Flashcards
What was the significance of the carter doctrine?
Many American strategists were concerned that the war would dangerously reduce the U.S. oil supply, and so they sought to establish good relations with Saudi Arabia, a kingdom with large oil reserves, since at the time most of our oil came from the Persian Gulf.
What did the carter doctrine say in terms of the environment?
the United States would use military force if necessary to defend its national interests in the Persian Gulf. (1980)
What is the earth summit?
A UN meeting in 1992 to discuss the environment and its future
What did the earth summit do?
The Earth Summit influenced all subsequent UN conferences, which have examined the relationship between human rights, population, social development, women and human settlements — and the need for environmentally sustainable development
What was the Montreal protocol?
(1987) 22 states agreed to reduce CFCs by 50 percent by 1998
What was the impact of the Montreal protocol?
Rich countries stopped making CFCs in 1996 and have contributed about 3 billion to the fund. Most important international negotiation to preserve the global environment to date
What does “common but different responsibilities” mean?
Kyoto Protocol having heavier burden on developed nations
Why does precaution vs certainty matter for the world environment?
Whether or not changing the way states produce goods in regards for the environment will actually help or not.
What is the Kyoto protocol?
(1997) adopted a complex formula for reducing greenhouse emissions to 1990 levels in the global North over about a decade.
Who agreed or didn’t agree with the Kyoto protocol?
US signed but did not ratify it. 160 countries agreed to implement Kyoto without US support.
What are the four fundamental issues of the environment in IR?
1) State vs global
2) Development vs environmental protection
3) Certainty vs precautionary
4) Liberal vs regulated economic order
