Envi Engg Flashcards
any alteration in the physical, chemical or biological properties of the environment (air, water and land) which adversely affects its quality and/or aesthetic use.
Environmental Pollution
describes the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water with respect to its suitability for a particular use.
Water Quality
It is known as Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standards of 2016.
a. DAO 34
b. DAO 35
c. RA 9275
d. DAO No. 2016-08
d.
• DAO 34 - Water Quality Guidelines
• DAO 35 - Effluent Regulations
• RA 9275 - Clean Water Act
Class of water intended for primary contact recreation such as bathing, swimming, skin diving, etc.
a. Class AA
b. Class B
c. Class A
d. Class C
b
• Class AA - Public water supply class I
- protected waters, require ONLY DISINFECTION
• Class A - Public water supply class II
- require CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT (coagulation, filtration, sedimentation, and disinfection)
• Class C - Fishery, recreational with NO PRIMARY CONTACT, Agriculture
is part of water supply to the community, industry/manufacturing, agriculture, etc. which has been mixed with suspended or dissolved solid, and usually contains pollutants.
Wastewater
Color of fresh sewage
grayish
Color of septic sewage
black
fishy odor indicates presence of _____
Amines
ammoniacal odor indicates presence of _____
ammonia
decayed fish odor indicates presence of _____
diamines
rotten eggs odor indicates presence of _____
hydrogen sulfide
skunk odor indicates presence of _____
mercaptans
rotten cabbage odor indicates presence of _____
organic skatoles
fecal odor indicates presence of _____
skatole
The resistance of water to the passage of light through it is a measure of the
a. color
b. turbidity
c. hardness
d. dissolved gases
b
Which of the following apparatus is not used in measuring turbidity?
a. Jackson Turbidimeter
b. Secchi Disk Depth
c. Photoelectric Colorimeter
d. none of these
c
• Photoelectric Colorimeter - apparatus for color measurement
• Olfactometer - for odor
for turbidity:
• Jackson Turbidimeter
• Secchi Disk Depth
lowers the solubility of oxygen in water and increase the rate at which oxygen-consuming microbes attack organic waste.
Temperature
The total solids in water are due to the presence of
a. suspended and dissolved solids
b. suspended and floating solids
c. colloidal and settleable solids
d. colloidal and bacterial load
a
Sodium ions contribute to which characteristics of water
a. pH
b. hardness
c. color
d. total dissolved solids
d
Biological Characteristics of Wastewater which is the actual quantity of free O2 present in water.
a. ThO
b. DO
c. BOD
d. COD
Dissolved Oxygen
• Theoretical Oxygen Demand - a measure of the amount of Oz needed to oxidize completely an organic matter whose chemical formula is known.
• Biological Oxygen Demand - a measure of the amount of O2 needed by microorganism to decompose biodegradable organics at specified time (5 days), temperature (20°C) and pH (7).
• Chemical Oxygen Demand - a measure of the amount of Oz needed to oxidize organics using strong oxidizing agents (KMnO4 or K2Cr207) in acid media.
In the determination of BOD, the reaction takes place at
a. 20°C
b. 40°C
c. 30°С
d. 50°C
a
In the determination of BOD, the reaction takes place in the dark
because
a. The microorganisms are sensitive to light.
b. Oxygen is sensitive to light.
c. The reaction is enhanced in the dark.
d. Algae may be present and produce oxygen.
d
Physical Characteristics of Wastewater (5)
- Color
- Odor
- Turbidity
- Temperature
- Total Solids
Biological Characteristics of Wastewaters (6)
- Dissolved Oxygen
- Theoretical Oxygen Demand
- Biological Oxygen Demand
- Chemical Oxygen Demand
- Total Oxygen Demand
- Total Organic Carbon
Chemical Characteristics of Wastewater (10)
- pH
- Calcium and Magnesium
- Nitrogen and Phosphorus
- Trace Metals
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates
- Oils, Fats, Greases
- Surfactants
- Phenols
- Pesticides and Agricultural Chemicals
Which of the following is not a physical characteristic of wastewater?
a. odor
b. color
c. turbidity
d. hardness
d
It is the phenomenon that results in the overabundance of algae growth in bodies of water. It is also the natural process of nutrient enrichment that occurs over time in a body of water.
a. biomagnification
b. eutrophication
c. anaerobic respiration
d. thermal inversion
b
Measure of the total organic and ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater. It also gives a measure of the availability of nitrogen for building cells.
a. TKN
b. COD
c. NBOD
d. none of these
a
Involves the accumulation of trace metals through each species of the food chain.
a. biomagnification
b. denitrification
c. anaerobic respiration
d. eutrophication
a
A trace metal which causes itai itai disease
a. cadmium
b. silver
c. mercury
d. chromium
a
• Mercury - minimata disease (neurological disease: trembling, inability to walk and speak)
• Cadmium - itai itai disease (disintegration of bones)
• Silver - causes argyria (blue-gray discoloration of skin and mucous membrane)
• Chromium - neurological disease
• Lead - fetal malformation
• Arsenic - carcinogenic
A trace metal which causes minimata disease
a. cadmium
b. silver
c. mercury
d. chromium
c
Removal of all settleable particles rendered settleable under the influence of gravity, basically the theory of gravity under the influence of which all particles heavier than water tend to settle down.
a. screening
b. sedimentation
c. flotation
d. flocculation
b