ENVI Flashcards
17 SDG
GOAL 1: NO POVERTY
GOAL 2: ZERO HUNGER
GOAL 3: GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
GOAL 4: QUALITY EDUCATION
GOAL 5: GENDER EQUALITY
GOAL 6: CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION
GOAL 7: AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY
GOAL 8: DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
GOAL 9: INDUSTRY, INNOVATION, AND INFRASTRUCTURE
GOAL 10: REDUCED INEQUALITIES
GOAL 11: SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES
GOAL 12: RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION
GOAL 13: CLIMATE ACTION
GOAL 14: LIFE BELOW WATER
GOAL 15: LIFE ON LAND
GOAL 16: PEACE, JUSTICE, AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS
GOAL 17: PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS
What are environmental attitudes?
Individual and collective sensibilities about the role of human beings within a planetary ecology.
Why is it so difficult to alter someone’s environmental attitudes?
- We all have abiding interests that are grounded in the economic organization of society.
- We all have abiding interests that are grounded in the social organization of society (e.g., social class, professional prestige).
- We all subscribe to certain cultural orientations and maintain implicit assumptions and individual mental states about the world.
The overall perspective from which one sees and interprets the world; a collection of beliefs about life and the universe held by an individual or a group. Commonly shared values, ideas, and images concerning the nature of reality and the role of humanity within it.
Worldview
a value system that is centered on technology and its ability to control and protect the environment. have absolute faith in technology and industry and firmly believe that humans have control over nature.
Technocentrism
Key Tenets of Technocentrism
- Scientific management is the primary method for allocating resources for development and growth—economic rationality.
- Destruction of natural systems is not an especially important decision factor for exploiting resources—especially in comparison to technological or economic factors.
- Humans control the natural environment for gainful purposes— social progress is attained by knowing and manipulating nature. (Ex. Bioengineering)
Examples of Technocentrism
Hoover Dam , San Juanico Bridge , Panama Canal
a philosophy that emphasizes the importance of all living things including the importance of their environment. Ecocentrics see themselves as being subject to nature, rather than in control of it. They lack faith in modern technology and the bureaucracy attached to it.
Ecocentrism
Key Tenets of Ecocentrism
- Belief that some natural systems should be left alone and those that are managed should be done so with little disruption.
- “Natural morality”—human behavior should occur within limits imposed by natural environment.
- Humans exist within the environment—we are part of the biosphere.
Alternative Labels for Environmental Paradigms
the table eco and techno
Roots of Technocentrism
Grounded in classical science—the Western cultural filter that shapes our conception of nature.
A mechanistic understanding of nature that is predictable and readily forecastable.
Positivist Science—what can be known is observable.
Understanding of knowledge as objective.
The rise of scientists as experts.
Roots of Ecocentrism
Romantic transcendentalists of mid-19th century America.
Bioethics and the recognition of the intrinsic value of nature.
Respect for all lifeforms in their own right.
Value for beauty and color in nature—attributes regarded as secondary by the rationalists.
demographic reasons responsible for this dramatic growth in the size of the global population
- New sanitation practices.
- Improvements in medical science and practice.
- Economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization.
The biotechnology revolution promises substantial increases in
Agricultural Productivity
Most developing countries were colonial dependencies of European powers, denying indigenous people self-determination and exploiting resources for colonial interests. After World War II, established powers granted independence, but left colonies poorly prepared for globalization. Despite billions of dollars invested in development projects, the gap between developed and developing countries has not narrowed, with international lending institutions providing the majority.
Historical Precursors
These lending institutions also encouraged family planning and the widespread availability of contraception to control population growth.
Population Control Programs