Env Current Flashcards
United Nations-backed Ozone Recovery Assessment Report, 2022
released due to efforts of _____,______, NOAA, NASA and European Commission
The study expected that the thickness of ozone
layer to return to ____ values around ___ in
the Antarctic, around _____ in the Arctic region
Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) levels in ___are back to those observed in 1980
India has successfully achieved complete phase out of ________ used in manufacturing of foam.
WMO,
UNEP
1980
2066
2045
2022
HCFC -141b
Wildlife (protection) act 2022 amendments =
Key Amendments for CITES Implementation:
Central Government Designation: The government will appoint two authorities:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: Issues permits and certificates for trading scheduled specimens.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: Advises MA on the impact of trading on species survival.
Identification Mark: MA will assign a special mark to each specimen, as per CITES. Changing or removing this mark is not allowed.
Registration Certificate: People having live specimens of scheduled animals must get a registration certificate from \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Breeders' License: Breeders of species in Appendix I of Schedule\_\_\_ must apply for a license from the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ within \_\_\_\_ days of the amendment
Wild animals will be declared as
Vermin by _________ Government by the
way of _____
Chief Wildlife Warden will manage and protect sanctuaries in accordance with the management plans
prepared as per guidelines of the ________ government.
* In case of sanctuaries falling under Scheduled Areas or areas where Forest Rights Act 2006 is
applicable, the management will be done by _______
Certain activities such as, grazing or movement of livestock, bona fide use of drinking and household
water by local communities etc. allowed
with or without permit ??
Management Authority (MA)
Scientific Authority
MA
IV
Chief Wildlife Warden
90
Central, notification
central
gram sabha
without permit
which of the following is legally binding on India?
1. CITES
2. Paris Agreement
3. Stockholm on pop 2001
4. UNCBD
5. Kyoto
6. Cartagena
7. Rotterdam
8. Kigali
9. Nagoya
10. Montreal
11. Minamata
12. UNCCD
13. BASEL
All
This is doubtful,
like Kyoto is not legally binding on India
Accredited Compensatory Afforestation: ???
Encourages individuals to raise vegetation on their land and sell it to meet compensatory afforestation targets
Which of the following statements accurately describes a feature of the Forest (Conservation) Rules, 2022?
a) The rules mandate seeking prior consent from forest dwellers represented by the Gram Sabha before granting initial approval for non-forest purposes.
b) The rules explicitly require the involvement of local communities in decision-making processes regarding the use of forest land for infrastructure projects or commercial ventures.
c) The rules do not explicitly require the prior consent of forest dwellers represented by the Gram Sabha before granting initial approval for giving forest land for non-forest purposes.
d) The rules prioritize the consultation and approval of local communities before any forest land can be utilized for non-forest activities.
c
- Which action is mandated by the Forest (Conservation) Rules, 2022?
a) Establishing committees at the central, state, and union territory levels to advise on non-forest land use.
b) Setting up monitoring stations for wildlife protection.
c) Formulating guidelines for agricultural practices in forest areas.
d) Conducting surveys on forest biodiversity.
2. What is the procedure for obtaining approval under the Forest (Conservation) Rules, 2022?
a) Initial approval is granted by the State Government, followed by final approval from the Central Government.
b) Final approval is granted by the State Government after receiving recommendations from the Central Government.
c) In-principle approval is granted by the Central Government, followed by final approval upon compliance report submission.
d) Both in-principle and final approvals are granted simultaneously by the Central Government.
- How do the Forest (Conservation) Rules, 2022 facilitate compensatory afforestation (CA)?
a) CA is allowed only within the same state or union territory where forest land is being diverted, de-reserved, or leased.
b) CA can only be undertaken by the Central Government.
c) CA can be conducted in states/UTs other than the one where forest land activities are happening.
d) CA is prohibited under the Rules
A,C,C
Fly Ash utilization
The new Thermal Power Plants (TPP) will have a time period of ____ years to achieve 100 percent fly ash
utilization. Legacy Ash Utilisation: The legacy ash (ash which is being stored from past
years) stored with the thermal power plants have to be fully utilized within a
period of _____years.
Competent Authority for Certification: _______ along with_________ shall provide guidelines for safe
management and certification of all existing and new, operational and reclaimed and stabilized ash ponds.
ash pond of the size (___ hectare per MegaWatt)
2 common types of Fly Ash
o Class F: Low-calcium and carbon content less than___ percent.
o Class C: High-calcium and carbon content of less than ____percent
ASH TRACK Mobile App has been launched by the Ministry of ______
4
10
CPCB, Central Electricity Board
0.1
5
2
of Power
Joshimath
Karmanasa and Dhaknala streams on west and east and
✓ _____ and ______ rivers on south and north.
_____________ committee (1976)
reconnaissance of the land subsidence near the Himalayan border.
Dhauliganga, Alaknanda
Mahesh Chandra Mishra
___________has developed web-based asset management tools named Dam Health and Rehabilitation Monitoring Application (DHARMA) and Seismic Hazard Analysis Information System (SHAISYS)
central water commission (under min of jal sakti)
central water commission has been establishes under ______ACT
river board act
o ____ (in Ladakh) is India’s first Dark Sky Reserve.
_________scale measure darkness of a place on the scale of 9, less value more darkness
Hanle
bortle
two substances to the exemptions
listed in Schedule II of E-waste
(management) Rules 2022 as follows:
o ___________ in Solar panels/cells,
solar Photovoltaic panels/cells/ modules.
o _________ in Medical Devices (with the
exception of all implanted and infected
products)
Cadmium and lead
Lead
HDCSW-18 , HD-3410 and HD-3385
are what>?
climate smart variety of Wheat
_______ as
Ladakh’s first biodiversity heritage site
It is one of the highest breeding sites of the ________ in India
Under ________Act, the
State Governments are empowered to notify BHS,
in consultation with ‘local bodies’, areas of
biodiversity importance as Biodiversity Heritage
Sites.
Yaya Tso, black necked crane, Biological Diversity
About India’s achievement under Montreal Protocol
* Exceeded the 35% HCFC (Hydrochlorofluorocarbons) phase-out goal.
o______% reduction achieved from the 2020 baseline.
Eliminated HCFC ___
44%
141b.
Name three seas around Antarctica
Amundsen sea , Ross sea, Weddell sea
: Blue Ocean event
* Refers to a situation in which the Arctic Ocean’s ice area drops below ____Million Sq.Km leading to the
change of arctic surface colour from white to blue
1
Loss and Damage (L&D) Fund
o First announced during COP___ at ______in____(year)
27, Sharm el-Sheikh (Egypt) , 2022
An eye on
methane Report
* Released by: _____
International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO)
Global Green
Credit Initiative
(GGCI)
By____
India
Global Renewables and Energy Efficiency Pledge
* Signed by 118 countries on the sidelines of
COP28
*Is India signatory?
* Aim:
o Triple the global installed renewable energy capacity
to at least _______ GW and
o Double the global energy efficiency improvement rate to more than ______ by ____.
o Phase down unabated coal.
no, 11,000, 4%, 2030
The Global Cooling Pledge
* Initiated by ____
*Is India signatory?
* Aim:
o Commits the countries to reduce their cooling
emissions by at least ____ by ___
UAE, no, 68%, 2050
G7 climate club * Led by ______
and _______
Is India member?
Germany , Chile, NO
ALTERRA fund Announced by _________* A ___ billion climate fund
UAE , $30
India and its NDCs
* First NDC published in _____ and updated in August 2022.
* Achievement: Achieved 2 of its previous NDCs well ahead of its target.
o Reduced the emission intensity vis-à-vis its GDP by ______ between 2005 and 2019.
o Achieved _____ of electric installed capacity through non-fossil fuel sources (9 years ahead of target
for 2030)
2015, 33%, 40%
LeadIT was launched by India and ______ at the UN Climate Action Summit in ______.
Sweden, 2019
India committed five climate actions as ‘Panchamrit’ in CoP26 held at Glasgow
o Reach ____ Non-fossil energy capacity by 2030.
o Meet ____ of its energy requirements from renewable energy by 2030.
o Reduction of total projected carbon emissions by ___ billion tonnes from now to 2030.
o Reduction of the carbon intensity of the economy by _____ by 2030, over 2005 levels.
o Achieving the target of net zero emissions by ____
500 GW, 50%, one, 45%, 2070
First movers’ coalition (FMC)
*is India member ?
* FMC: Led by the __________ and the _____government.
* Launched at ______ as a flagship public-private partnership to clean up the most carbon-intensive sectors.
yes, World Economic Forum, US , COP26
Enhancing Naturebased Solutions for an Accelerated
Climate Transformation (ENACT) Partnership
Launched by: ______ and _______ along with the __ at COP _______, which took place at __________ in 202–.
Is India member ?
Germany, Egypt, IUCN,27, egypt, 2022
NO
is India member of Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases (GRA)
NO
Global Greenhouse
Gas Monitoring
Infrastructure (GGMI)
* Launched by: ____
Global Greenhouse
Gas Monitoring
Infrastructure (GGMI)
* Launched by: WMO
C40 is a global network of nearly ___mayors of the world’s leading cities
that are united in action to confront the climate crisis.
o 6 Indian Cities namely ____________________ are parties to it
Delhi’s 3i model is designed for Electric Vehicles and focuses on ______,_____,_____
_________’s City of Lakes Project
100 ,Delhi NCT, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bengaluru,
and Ahmedabad,
Inclusion, incentivization, and Innovation
Delhi
Addis Ababa
Declaration related to ______
climate change , by Africa
Climate Change
Performance Index
(CCPI) 2024
* India this year further improved its global CCPI ranking by securing ___
position (last year it was ______).
* About CCPI
o Released by ________
o Independent monitoring tool for tracking climate protection performance.
o Assesses countries performance in four categories:
✓ _______ (40% of the overall score)
✓ ___________ (20%),
✓_________ (20%) ,
✓ ______ (20%).
o Top three places i.e. 1-3 are ___________.
* Germanwatch also releases ____________Index
7th, 8th, Germanwatch, GHG emissions, Renewable energy, Energy use, Climate policy, vacant in CCPI, The Global Climate Risk
Cool Coalition
o Launched by: _____ at the First Global Conference on Synergies between the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement.
o A global network of partners working to provide efficient, climate-friendly
cooling for all.
o International Solar Alliance (India) is a partner???
UNEP, yes
Data in Climate
Resilient Agriculture
(DiCRA)
* The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the ________________
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
Carbon Credits Trading Scheme (CCTS):
Introduced in 2023 by the Ministry of ____
Established a carbon credit trading market.
Initially announced under the Energy Conservation Act 2001, later amended by the Energy Conservation (Amendment) Bill 2022.
Key Highlights of CCTS:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_oversees the Indian Carbon Market (ICM).
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ administers the carbon market, sets emission reduction targets, issues carbon credit certificates, and accredits carbon verification agencies.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ regulates all trading activities.
Grid Controller of India acts as the registry of ICM.
Major Reforms by MoP:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tasked with developing standards and registering projects under an offset mechanism.
Shift from "verification" to "\_\_\_\_\_" of carbon credits by BEE.
Non-obligated entities (Non-OEs) allowed to register decarbonization projects and generate carbon credits.
About Carbon Markets:
Trading platforms for buying and selling carbon credits.
Used by companies or individuals to offset GHG emissions by purchasing carbon credits from entities reducing emissions.
One carbon credit equals \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of carbon dioxide or equivalent greenhouse gas.
Related News: National Carbon Registry:
Launched by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Open-source software facilitating national data management and carbon credit trading.
Accredited as a digital public good (DPG) and integrated with national measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) systems.
Promotes development of carbon market by facilitating trading of carbon credits, aligning with Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.
Power.
National Steering Committee (NSC) or Indian Carbon Market Governing Board (ICMGB)
Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
Central Electricity Regulatory Commission
BEE
validation
one tonne
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
Meri LiFE App Launch:
Launched by the Ministry of ________
Aims to empower youngsters and encourage participation in climate change mitigation through daily actions.
Provides tasks under five themes: ___________
Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment):
An India-led global mass movement initiated at UN Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC COP26) in 2021.
Nodal Ministry: MoEFCC.
Objectives include mobilizing one billion individuals globally, making \_\_\_\_\_ of Indian villages and urban areas environment-friendly by \_\_\_\_, and promoting sustainable lifestyles.
Recognizes individuals practicing sustainable lifestyles as 'Pro Planet People'.
Implementation Mechanism:
Coordinated actions by Ministries/Departments.
Compilation of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_LiFE actions for individuals, communities, and institutions.
Identification of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and impact assessment through LiFE Dashboard.
Environmental Information, Awareness Capacity Building and Livelihood Programme
(EIACP)
* EIACP Programme Centre at ______has created a world record by taking a LiFE (Lifestyle for
Environment) pledge of over 12.38 lakh by people to conserve environment
Environment Forest and Climate Change.
Save Energy, Save Water, Reduce Single Use Plastic, Adopt Sustainable Food Systems, and Adopt Healthy Lifestyle.
80%, 2028,75. Raipur
Ministry of ___________unveiled ‘right to repair’ portal
Ministry of _____________ launched pilot project on ERSO.- Electronics Repair Services Outsourcing (ERSO
Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution
Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY)
Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM):
Introduced by the _____ as part of its _________package.
Aims to price carbon emitted during the production of carbon-intensive goods entering the EU.
Importers must purchase carbon certificates equivalent to EU’s carbon pricing rules.
Reporting started from 1 October 2023, becomes operational on 1 January 2026.
Designed to comply with WTO rules, acts as a non-tariff barrier (NTB) for Indian exports.
Covered goods include iron, steel, cement, aluminium, fertilisers, electricity, and hydrogen.
Fit for 55 Package:
EU's target to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions by at least \_\_\_\_ by \_\_\_\_\_ from 1990 levels and achieve net zero emissions by \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Includes other reforms like the Social Climate Fund and reforming the Emission Trading System (ETS) to cut emissions by 62% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels.
Related News: Green Deal Industrial Plan:
EU unveils the 'Green Deal Industrial Plan' to simplify regulations, provide faster access to funds, enhance skills, and improve the EU's trade network.
Features include the formulation of a "Net-Zero Industry Act" and the establishment of "Net-Zero Industry Academies" for up-skilling and reskilling programs.
EU, Fit for 55 , 55%,2030, 2050
______ announced Africa’s largest debt for nature swap valued at ________ million.
Debt for nature swaps involve debtor nations making payments in local currency to finance climate projects domestically instead of continuing external debt payments in foreign currency.
First used in the _____ in Latin America.
_______signed the world’s first and largest debt swap to conserve oceans in 2023.
India has not participated in any such debt for nature swaps to date
Gabon, $500, 1980s, Ecuador
Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships:
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted a Strategy on the Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships. GHG emissions from the shipping industry account for \_\_\_\_\_\_of anthropogenic GHG emissions, including CO2, black carbon, nitrogen oxides, and nitrous oxide. Key provisions of the strategy include reducing CO2 emissions by at least \_\_\_\_\_\_ by 2030 compared to 2008 and achieving net-zero GHG emissions by or around 2050. The strategy also focuses on technology adoption to reduce energy usage by at least 5%, striving for 10%, of international shipping by 2030, with a five-yearly review cycle.
Efforts by India to Reduce Emissions from Ships:
Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways released '\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Green Port Guidelines 2023. India selected as the first country under IMO’s Green Voyage 2050 project. Maritime Vision 2030 aims for a sustainable maritime sector. Development of certain ports as Hydrogen Hubs by 2030. Target set for India to become a global hub for green shipping by 2030. Launch of the Green Tug Transition Programme (GTTP) by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways.
Global Initiatives for Reducing Emissions from Ships:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Declaration for Green Shipping Corridors, Financing Sustainable Maritime Transport (FIN-SMART) Roundtable initiative, and Global Maritime Technologies Cooperation Centres (MTCC) Network. IMO CARES (Coordinated Actions to Reduce Emissions from Shipping) Foundation Project (2022-2024). Adoption of the International Code for ships operating in polar waters or the polar code in 2014 by the International Maritime Organisation
2.89% ,40%,Harit Sagar’, Clydebank
India Climate Energy Dashboard (ICED) 3.0:
Released by _____
( ICED serves as a comprehensive platform offering near real-time data on the energy sector, climate, and related economic datasets sourced from government publications.
It facilitates monitoring the progress of India’s clean energy transition journey.)
NITI Aayog.
_____and _____ have been designated as the UN Climate Change High-Level Champions for COP28 and COP2
H.E. Ms. Razan Al Mubarak and H.E. Ms. Nigar Arpadarai
The Energy Transition Advisory Committee (ETAC)
*______________report was submitted by ETAC to the Government.
- About ETAC
o Established in 2021 by the _________
o Formed to draw an energy transition pathway for Oil & Gas Public Sector
Undertakings (PSUs) in the country.
The Green Shift: The Low Carbon Transition of India’s Oil & Gas Sector’
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas (MoP&NG).
Framework for Climate Resilient and Low Carbon Health Systems
Released by\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Aims to enhance health system resilience and reduce greenhouse gas emissions Aligns with ATACH goals ATACH: WHO initiative, established in \_\_\_\_, works on climate-resilient health systems
WHO
2022
Just Energy Transition Partnership (JET-P)
New 2.5 billion Euro deal announced for \_\_\_\_\_ Aims to increase renewable energy share Financing mechanism for transitioning to clean energy Launched at \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is fourth country to sign after\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_ Is India partner? Donors include Japan, USA, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, EU, UK
Senegal
COP26 in Glasgow (2021
Senegal
South Africa, Indonesia, and Vietnam
NO
reports by WMO
The State of the
Global Climate
2022 report
Greenhouse Gas
Bulletin
State of Global
Water Resources 2022
Global Climate 2011-2020 Report
* State of Climate Services Report 2023
* Global atmosphere Watch
* Air Quality and Climate Bulletin
* Global Annual to Decadal Climate Update 2023-2027
reports by UNEP
Adaptation Gap
Report 2023
Emission Gap
Report 2023
Turning off the Tap : How the world can end plastic pollution and create a circular economy
* Building Materials and The Climate: Constructing A New Future
* What’s Cooking: UNEP’s Special Edition Frontiers Report 2023
* Invest into Healthy Planet, Wastewater -Turning Problem to Solution (developed jointly
by UNEP’s Global Wastewater Initiative and GRID-Arendal,)
* Global Environment Outlook
* Global Climate Litigation Report
Green Crackers
No hazardous elements like barium nitrate
\_\_\_\_\_ reduction in particulate matter using Potassium Nitrate (KNO3)
Developed by\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_ suppresses dust with water vapor
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ emits reduced particulate matter and sound intensity
\_\_\_\_\_ uses minimum aluminum, substitutes with magnesium
NEERI, Nagpur conducts environmental research
Related Concept: E-crackers
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ developing pollution-free electronic crackers (E-crackers
30%
CSIR-NEERI
SWAS
STAR
SAFAL
CSIR-CEERI
Cloud Seeding for Tackling Delhi’s Air Pollution
Weather modification technique to enhance precipitation
Disperses substances into air to saturate clouds
Chemicals used: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Conditions for effectiveness:
Deep clouds with suitable temperature (-10 to -12 degrees Celsius)
Cloud coverage of at least 50%
Wind speeds below a certain level
Relative humidity above \_\_\_\_\_\_
Presence of supercooled liquid water in clouds
Types of Cloud Seeding
______: Disperses salts in lower portions of clouds
_______: Boosts vertical air currents to encourage more water through clouds
______: Spreads chemicals into moisture-laden clouds
Silver iodide (AgI), potassium iodide, sodium chloride, dry ice
75%
Hygroscopic
Dynamic
Static
Results of Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2023:
_____ ranked first in 1st category (million plus population)
__________ ranked first in 2nd category (3-10 lakhs population)
________ (Himachal Pradesh) ranked first in 3rd category (less than 3 lakhs population)
Indore (MP)
Amravati (Maharashtra)
Parwanoo
Central ground water Authority
act?
Functions?
Central ground water board
act?
functions?
Env pro act
Regulatory body responsible for regulating and controlling groundwater extraction and management. Issues NOCs (No Objection Certificates) for groundwater extraction in notified areas. Implements guidelines for sustainable groundwater management.
established through a notification issued by the Government of India.
Technical agency tasked with conducting surveys, monitoring groundwater resources, and providing technical support. Conducts groundwater surveys, assessment, and monitoring. Provides technical expertise for groundwater management and development projects.
National Water Awards 2022
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ conferred awards \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ awarded Best State Ganjam in \_\_\_\_\_\_ awarded Best District
About National Water Awards
Launched in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ by Department of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation
President of India
Madhya Pradesh
Odisha
2018
Central Water Commission (CWC)
Reports low water levels in reservoirs of India's \_\_\_\_ states for 2023 Premier Technical Organization in Water Resources field Attached office of Ministry of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Purpose: Initiating, coordinating, and furthering water resource schemes nationwide Introduced \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ App for real-time flood updates and forecasts
southern
Jal Shakti
Flood Watch
Jal Diwali - “Women for Water, Water for Women Campaign”
Launched by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ under AMRUT Phase I involves participation from all States/UTs except Chhattisgarh, Mizoram, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Telangana Aims to include women in water governance
About AMRUT
Launched by MoHUA in 2015 in 500 cities/towns for basic infrastructure development Focus areas include water supply, storm water drainage, green spaces, parks, etc. AMRUT 2.0 (2021-22 to 2025-26) aims for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA)
\
universal water supply coverage with functional taps in all households
2023 Plastic Overshoot Day Report by Earth Action (EA)
Refers to day when plastic waste exceeds waste management capabilities India's Plastic Overshoot Day: January \_\_\_, 2023 India among \_\_\_\_ countries responsible for 52% of world's mismanaged plastic waste Emerging tools to cut plastic pollution: Plastic credits, offsetting, neutrality
Initiatives to Curb Plastic Pollution in India
Plastic Waste Management (Amendment) Rules, 2021: Bans single-use plastics, \_\_\_\_\_\_(increases or decreases) bag thickness Extended Producer Responsibility guidelines applied to plastic producers Private sector collaborations: India Plastics Pact (IPP), Un-Plastic Collective (UPC) National Circular Economy Roadmap (NCER) for plastic waste reduction 'Prakriti' & Green Initiatives for Effective Plastic Waste Management
Global
* UNEA’s Resolution to “End
Plastic Pollution.”
o 175 countries have endorsed
the UN Environment Assembly
(UNEA-5) resolution in ____
to End Plastic Pollution and
forge an international legally
binding agreement by 2024.
o Countries will be expected to
develop, implement and
update national action plans.
* The Global Partnership on Plastic
Pollution and Marine Litter
(GPML) launched at the __________
* Glolitter: Project between the
Government of ___, _____, and
_____ aiming to reduce sea-based
marine plastic litter.
*the “_______ Convention” = “Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972”,
.
6
12
increases
Nairobi
United
Nations Conference on
Sustainable Development
(Rio+20).
Norway
IMO
FAO
London
Zero Draft of Global Treaty to End Plastic Pollution
Released by \_\_\_\_'s Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) Aims to develop international legally \_\_\_\_instrument on plastic pollution
UNEP
binding
Land Degradation
Deterioration or loss of soil \_\_\_\_\_\_
UNCCD Releases ___________ Report, Strategic Framework (2018-2030) focuses on mitigation, adaptation, resource mobilization, and improving land condition.
India joined UNCCD and pledged _________
productivity
Global Drought Snapshot
to restore 26 million hector before 2030
Sand and Dust Storms (SDS)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ released report titled ‘Sand and Dust Storms (SDS): A Guide to Mitigation, Adaptation, Policy, and Risk Management Measures in Agriculture’
Occur when strong winds erode small particles from dryland surfaces
75% of global dust from natural sources, 25% anthropogenic
Anthropogenic factors: Land-use change, agriculture, deforestation
Implications:
Dust deposition on glaciers induces warming effect, increases ice melting
Reduces agricultural yield due to sandblasting damaging plants
India initiates ___________
FAO
Aravalli green wall project
Nation mission for green India
Champions of the Earth Award
Announced by \_\_\_\_\_
Honors individuals, groups, and organizations with transformative environmental impact
Awarded annually since \_\_\_\_\_, UN's highest environmental honor
Entrepreneurial Vision:
Blue Circle (China): Uses blockchain and IoT for plastic pollution tracking
José Manuel Moller (Chile): Founder of Algramo, providing refill services to reduce plastic pollution
Science and Innovation: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (South Africa)
UNEP
2005
Ethylene Oxide
Classified as \_\_\_\_\_\_ residue by European Commission (previously as fumigant) Mandates mandatory testing for agricultural exports to EU Primarily used to produce other chemicals, including antifreeze Flammable, colorless gas with sweet odor Also used as pesticide and sterilizing agent Classified as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and mutagenic
pesticide
carcinogenic
Endosulfan
Notice issued by National Green Tribunal regarding dumping in Minchinpadavu, Kasaragod district, Kerala Organochlorine pesticide used for\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Listed under Rotterdam Convention and Stockholm Convention Harmful effects: Reproductive problems, neurological damage from chronic exposure
insect and mite control in various crops
Petroleum Coke (Pet Coke)
Supreme Court directed CAQM to address distribution issues Carbon-rich solid derived from crude-oil refining's final cracking process Used as coal substitute for higher calorific value features - ?\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Applications: Cement manufacturing, lime kilns, industrial boilers, aluminum anodes, etc.
Hydrophobic, less volatile, low ash residue
Polyethylene Terephthalate Degrading Enzyme (PET46)
Identified by researchers from a deep-sea microorganism PET is widely used for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ PET46 enzyme degrades both long-chain and short-chain PET molecules Enables continuous degradation Other PET degrading enzymes: PETase, MHETase, THC_Cut1
food and beverage packaging
E-waste in India
Refers to discarded electrical and electronic equipment without intent of reuse
India ranks \_\_\_\_ globally in e-waste production after China and the US
Impacts: Health hazards, environmental damage, social issues
Regulated under E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022
Applies to manufacturers, producers, refurbishers, dismantlers, recyclers
Introduces new Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) regime
EPR: Producer's responsibility for environmentally sound product management
E-waste contains hazardous substances: lead, mercury, cadmium, flame retardants
3rd
Invisible e-waste
Focus of International E-Waste Day Initiated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Forum Refers to electronic items often \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Examples: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)
unrecognized and improperly recycled
vapes, LED accessories, USB cables, power tools, smoke detectors
