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Enviornment > Basics of Env > Flashcards

Basics of Env Flashcards

1
Q

The term ecosystem was coined by

A

Arthur Tansley

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2
Q

biome

A

A biome refers to a large geographical region characterized by a
particular set of climate conditions, plant and animal life

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3
Q

Fundamental Niche :

A

It is an ideal (hypothetical) condition where an organism could exist without ecological
interactions

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4
Q

Realised niche :

A

population exists here in the presence of or due to interactions and
competition with others.

If X can live at Y and Z but due to competition it lives at z more, then Z is realised niche

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5
Q

Multidimensional Niche :

A

Fundamental Niche and Realised niche

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6
Q

Gauss Law :

A

Competitive exclusion principle : Competition in case of the
same niche of 2 species will lead to the exclusion of 1 from that niche.

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7
Q

Ecotone is a zone of junction between two or more diverse ecosystems.
● Such areas have richness in biodiversity due to _______effect

A

edge

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8
Q

An Ecotype is a__
example

A

population of species that differs genetically from other
populations of the same species because local conditions have selected
for certain unique physiological or morphological characteristics

royal Bengal Tiger

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9
Q

Producers in aquatic ecosystems

A

: blue green algae (cyanobacteria), phytoplankton,
diatoms.

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10
Q

Primary consumers in aquatic ecosystem

A

crustaceans, zooplankton, small fish

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11
Q

Secondary Consumers in aquatic ecosystem

A

Herrings, bigger fish, sharks

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12
Q

Difference between detritivores and decomposers

A

detritivores eat and excrets and decompose ex- Earthworm, while decomposer secret chemicals that decompose
ex- Bacteria

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13
Q

Law of 10% : given by

A

raymond lindeman

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14
Q

Only Pyramid of _____ is always upright

A

energy

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15
Q

DDT : used to kill mosquitoes, added up in bald eagle
populations leading to their egg shells being crushed. This was
written about by Rachel Carson in her book

A

the silent spring.

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16
Q

Minamata Disease : _____bioaccumulation in shellfish

A

Mercury

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16
Q

AMENSALISM

A

-/0

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16
Q

COMMENSALISM

A

+/0

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16
Q

These are symbiotic associations between fungi and the
roots of plants.

A

Mycorrhizae:

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17
Q

Black walnut trees release a chemical
called ______that inhibits the growth of other plants growing near them.
This inhibitory effect is an example of ______

A

juglone, amensalism/ Allelopathy.

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18
Q

____________is a type of chemical interaction between plants in
which one plant releases chemicals or secondary metabolites that
affect the growth, survival, or reproduction of another plant.

A

Allelopathy. It is actually a subset of Amensalism
ex- sunflower , eucalyptus

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19
Q

Net primary productivity is Gross primary productivity
minus

A

respiration losses

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20
Q

Arctic , Antarctic
savannah ,steppes
which has more productivity

A

arctic, savannah

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21
Q

Tropical Rainforests contribute ___% of total NPP and open
ocean about ___%

A

22%, 24%.

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22
Q

mesic condition

A

in between water and dry

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23
Q

Succession would be much faster in areas that exist in the ______
of a large continent

A

middle

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24
Q

Ecesis :

A

establishment of initial growth of vegetation

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25
Q

6 phases of clement’s theory of succession

A

Nudation, Migration, Ecesis, competition, Reaction and Stabilization

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26
Q

positive feedback loop in climate change

A

it’s a cycle where warming leads to more warming, creating a self-reinforcing pattern that accelerates climate change.

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27
Q

negative feedback loop in climate change

A

it’s a mechanism that dampens or reduces the impact of climate change, helping to maintain equilibrium in the Earth’s climate system.

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28
Q

Gias hypothesis was given by by British chemist
WHAT IS IT?

A

James E. Lovelock and U.S.
biologist Lynn Margulis

Biosphere, Atmosphere and Hydrosphere along with evolution of life maintains
homeostasis on earth.
.

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29
Q

Daisy world

A

Daisy world : Mathematical Model to predict Gaia hypothesis.

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30
Q

Deep ecology

A

: preservation for preservation’s sake.

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31
Q

The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) BY

A

Pavan Sukhdev, received Tyler PrizE
Global initiative of UNEP, G8, BASIC, Mexico
● Looks into green accounting methodology to calculate green domestic
product

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32
Q

Earth’s overshoot day

A

2 Aug 2023

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33
Q

What is overshoot day of particular country
India has overshoot day?

A

number of earths it will take to sustain all population of world if they lived like people of particular country
No it doesn’t, it will take only 0.7 earth to sustain all population of world if they lived like people of India

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34
Q

Nitrogen cycle
Nitrite by?
nitrate by?

A

N2 - NH3 ( ammonia) - NO2(Nitrite) - NO3 (Nitrate)
nitrite by Nitrosomonas and Nitrate by Nitrobacter

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35
Q

Shannon Weiner Index

A

indicating greater diversity and evenness in the sample. Higher the value - greater the surprise that means more diversity

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36
Q

Simpson’s Index
measures what? Low means ?

A

Helps measure diversity. Low means high.

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37
Q

What is Alpha, Beta, and Gamma diversity

A

Alpha - It measures the diversity within a single habitat or ecosystem
Beta - It measures the change in species composition or diversity between different habitats or ecosystems
Gamma - It measures the overall diversity across a large geographic area or region, taking into account all the different habitats or ecosystems within that area.

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38
Q

who coined term Biodiversity Hotspot

A

Norman Myers

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39
Q

criteria for Biodiversity hotspot

A

Contain at least 1,500 species of vascular plants found nowhere else
on Earth (known as “endemic” species).
○ Have lost at least 70 percent of its primary native vegetation due to
human action.

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40
Q

Biodiversity Hotspots of India

A

Biodiversity Hotspots of India
○ Western Ghats
○ North east (except Assam) and Andaman (part of Indo-Burma
hotspot)
○ Nicobar (part of Sundaland hotspot)
○ Himalaya

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41
Q

Hottest of hot spots - 8

A

Hottest of hot spots - 8
○ Indo – Burma region
○ Sundaland
○ Philippines
○ Western Ghats & Srilanka
○ Madagascar
○ Eastern arc & coastal forests of Tanzania/Kenya
○ Caribbean island
○ Brazil’s Atlantic forests

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42
Q

Megadiverse countries
in?
by?
no of countries?
criteria?
list?

A

Megadiverse countries
○ 1988, by UNEP
○ 17 countries
○ Criteria
■ Have at least 5000 of the world’s plants as endemics
■ Must have marine ecosystems.

Brazil
	Colombia
	 Ecuador
	    Peru
			United States of America
Venezuela
	  Mexico

	China
	India

Democratic Republic of the Congo
	 Madagascar
	 South Africa
   

Indonesia    Malaysia  Papua New Guinea   Australia
Philippines
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43
Q

like Minded Megadiverse Countries

● Concept originated in?
criteria

A

Minded Megadiverse Countries

● Concept originated in the Cancun summit in 2002
● Only criteria is that country should be diverse and have associated
traditional knowledge.
● Therefore, a landlocked country can be LMMC but not megadiverse
country.
BKC countries added - Bolvia, kenya, costa rica

● Ex : India is Both LMMC and Megadiverse.
● USA is Megadiverse but not LMMC.
● Kenya is LMMC but not Megadiverse
USA, Australia, papa new gunia eliminated

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44
Q

Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) by , which are included

A

FAO

Koraput Traditional Agriculture, Odisha
○ Kuttanad Below Sea Level Farming System, Kerala
○ Pampore Saffron Heritage, Jammu & Kashmir

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45
Q

Threats to Biodiversity
● Identified by Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)
○ Founded in 2012
○ India is a member

recognize threats are -

A

Land Use change
○ Deforestation, mining, fragmentation of habitats
● Climate change
○ IUCN- if 2°C rise in the earth’s temperature : 6th mass extinction
● Overexploitation
○ Hunting, poaching
Invasive alien species
Pollution and Genetic pollution - GM crops etc

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46
Q

Some invasive alien species

A

Profis julifora, latana camara,

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47
Q

Montreux record

A

Keoladeo
Loktak

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48
Q

WPA establishes which institutions?

A

Central Zoo Authority
National Tiger Conservation Authority – headed by minister of MOEFCC
● Tiger conservation foundation
state wildlife advisory board
Wildlife crime control bureau

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49
Q

under Forest Conservation Act, 1980 Prior approval of the ________ is essential for diversion of
forest lands for the non-forestry purposes

The Act deals with the four categories of the forests, namely

A

Central Government
reserved forests, village forests, protected forests and private forests.

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50
Q

The act has been amended 8 times. The legislation is based on a Resolution of the Legislature of 11 States,
invoking Article 252 of the Constitution
The Act initially applied to only those State Governments whose
Legislatures passed the requisite resolution, but was later extended to all
States.
.
which act is it ?

A

WPA

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51
Q

Can State or Centre declare wildlife and national park via notification?

A

Yes

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52
Q

According to WPA, the ________may appoint Chief Wildlife Warden. _______ may appoint directors and assistant directors.

Alteration of boundaries can be done by States only with prior approval of ?

A

State government , Central government

National Board for Wildlife

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53
Q

Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (statutory status)– headed by ____– appointed by _____
● Chief Wildlife Warden – appointed by?
● National Board of Wildlife – headed by ?
● State Board of Wildlife – headed by?
● National Tiger Conservation Authority – headed by ?
● Tiger conservation foundation – To be established by ?

A

Director of Wildlife Preservation, Central Government
state Governments
Prime Minister
Chief Minister
minister of Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change
states

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54
Q

(Central government or state government?)________ may, by notification, declare any wild animal specified
in Schedule II to be Vermin

(Central Government or state government?)_________ may add or delete any entry to or from any Schedule or
transfer any entry from one Part of a Schedule to another Part of the same
Schedule or from one Schedule to another

Chief Wildlife Warden will manage and protect sanctuaries in accordance
with the management plans prepared as per guidelines of the ________

In case of sanctuaries falling under scheduled areas or areas where FRA 2006 is applicable, the management plan for
such sanctuary will be prepared after due consultation with the ________

A

Central govt *3

gram sabha

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55
Q

schedule 1,2,3,4 under WPA

A

1 - protected
2 - less protected
3 - Plants
4 - CITES

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56
Q

General Violation to Rs ____
Specially protected animals At least Rs _____ Under WPA

A

1,00,000, 25,000

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57
Q

Conservation Reserve and community reserve are declared by?
ACT?
Owner?
Land by?
Location?
Number of?

A

Both
state govt
If the conservation reserve includes any land owned by the Central Government, its prior concurrence is required before making such a declaration

Trick to remember - ‘COM’munist ‘State’

WPA
State, but in comminity reserve - private individuals/ local tribes

adjacent to national park but community reserve can be anywhere

100 and 219

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58
Q

under forest rights act

_______govt may constitute any forest land or waste land as reserved
forest which is the property of Government and may sell the produce from
these forests.

Before issuing official notification state government needs to appoint a
________ (has power of Civil Courts) to inquire and to provide settlements to persons belonging to that area.

A

State government , Forest Settlement Officer

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59
Q

Under FRA

All activities are________ in Reserve forest

All activities are__________ in Protected forest

A

prohibited unless permitted
permitted unless prohibited

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60
Q

Under FCA which apex body that deliberates on granting
permission to fell forests

A

The Forest Advisory Committee

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61
Q

Under forest conservation act
project screening committee (which recommends projects )constituted by?
frequency of meeting?
It examines proposal by state/UT except projects less than or equal to ____ hectors

Regional empowered committee (which examines the projects)
constituted by?
Frequency of meeting?

advisory committee ( which gives approvals)
constituted by? members?
frequency ?

A

State or UT
twice every month
5

central government
twice every month

Central govt
6
Set up every month

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62
Q

Forest rights act is implemented by

A

Tribal ministry

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63
Q

The Gram Sabha has been designated as the competent authority for
initiating the process of determining the nature and extent of individual or
community forest rights.
The decision of the Gram Sabha to reject or allow claim can it be appealed
before court???

A

Yes

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64
Q

Under forest rights act
ST have condition that they should be living in forest before )____
Other dwellers have condition that they should be living for at least ___

A

2005
3 generations

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65
Q

The FRA act identifies 4 types of rights
● Title rights: Gives right to ownership to land farmed forest dwellers subject
to a maximum of ________ hectares.
● Use rights: Rights of the dwellers extend to extracting __________, etc.
● Relief and development rights: Rehabilitation in case of illegal eviction or
forced displacement and to basic amenities, subject to restrictions for forest
protection.
● Forest management rights: Right to protect, regenerate or conserve or
manage any _____ forest resource which they have been traditionally
protecting and conserving for sustainable use

A

4, Minor Forest
Produce, grazing areas

community

not every ST get habitat rights only PVTGs get

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66
Q

forest dweller rights act identifies _____ ministry as the
agency to notify the guidelines related to Critical Wildlife Habitats.

do STs get rights to critical wildlife habitats»???

A

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
NO

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67
Q

Certain tribes are called PVTGs based on their greater vulnerability
classified as such after _______Commission

____ PVTGs distributed among 18 states and UTs of India

Odisha houses for _____PVTGs which is the highest among all the states.

_______ were the first PVTG in India to be granted habitat rights

A

Dhebhar
75
13
Baigas

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68
Q

state ranking
acc to sq km
acc to %

A

MP> Aruna> Chattis>Odhisha> mah - acc to sq km
Lakshadweep, Mizoram, aruna, Meghalaya - acc to percentage

MP mai ARUNA ne CHATTIS OREO khaye
LAX-MI Aruna MEGHA

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69
Q

Under Section 37 of Biological Diversity Act, 2002 the ___Government
in consultation with ______-may notify the areas of biodiversity
importance as Biodiversity Heritage Sites

First Biodiversity Heritage Site of India- _____ in
Bengaluru, Karnataka (2007).
Presently _______BHS are in India

A

State , local bodies, Nallur Tamarind Grove
36 ,

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70
Q

Was water conservation act made under 252 article?
which two imp bodies established?

A

yes, central pollution control board and state pollution control board

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71
Q

Under env pro act a citizen can file a complain for alleged env offence which should not be less than ___ days old

A

60

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72
Q

central ground water authority is under which act?

A

env pro act

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73
Q

Ecologically sensitive zone notified by?
under?
is agriculture allowed?

A

central govt
env pro act
yes

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74
Q

if we want to protect forest along with tribes together which will be best strategy

Biosphere reserve
national Park
wildlife sanctuary

A

biosphere reserve

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75
Q

Under forest right act tribals have right to fell bamboos ______ (inside or outside) forest area?

A

outside

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76
Q

Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Rules

● In accordance with the _____Act of ______

A

Environment Protection 1986

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77
Q

NGT has not been vested with powers to hear any matter relating to:______and _______-

The order of National Green Tribunal can be challenged before the Supreme
Court within ___ days

A

● Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
● Indian Forest Act, 1927.

90

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78
Q

The Protection of Plant Varieties & Farmers’
Rights (PPVFR) Act, 2001 act allows farmers to plant, grow, exchange & sell patent-protected
crops, including seeds, & only bars them from selling it as _______ .

A

“branded seed”

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79
Q

Animal Welfare Board of India

● Established in _____ under the Act__________
● Started under the stewardship of Late___________

A

1962, Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, smt Arundale

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80
Q

National Tiger Conservation Authority

● It is a statutory body constituted under _______for tiger
conservation.
● It is headed by the ______
● The Authority has_____ Members of Parliament of whom ____ will be
elected by the House of the People and _____ by the Council of States

A

the WPA, 1972
minister of Ministry of Environment Forest & Climate
Change.
three, two, one

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81
Q

No alteration of boundaries in National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries can
be done without approval of the ______

A

National board for wildlife

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82
Q

India State of Forest Report is brought by ______ with hq at _____

A

Forest survey of India which is under Min of Env
Dehradun

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83
Q

Assam
Brahmaputra river doesn’t pass through which NP in assam?
Sankosh river passes through?

A
  1. Raimona National Park
  2. Manas National Park (WHS/ TR / ER / BR)
  3. Orang National Park and Tiger Reserve (NP/TR)
  4. Nameri National Park (TR)
  5. Kaziranga National Park (mentioned later)
  6. Dibru - Saikhowa National Park (BR)
  7. Dehing Patkai National Park (ER)

raimona, Manas, Nameri
Raimona

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84
Q

95 % of the greenhouse effect is caused by_____ and ______ in the atmosphere

A

water vapour, small water
particles

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85
Q

dobson unit

A

measurement of ozone layer

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86
Q

‘Global Methane Assessment: 2030 Baseline Report’
● Released by

A

Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), launched at Climate and Clean Air ministerial
meeting at COP 27 to the UNFCCC

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87
Q

Eustatic changes
● It occur when the volume of sea water changes due to factors such as global warming
and ____ and ____

A

melting of ice sheets (rise in sea level) or ice ages (fall in sea level), melting of ice sheets (rise in sea level) or ice ages (fall in sea level), changes
in the volume of mid-oceanic ridges.

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88
Q

Barbados Plan of Action (BPOA). It is the only internationally approved
Programme specific to _____

____ Strategy : 10 year comprehensive review of the BPOA in 2005.

A

small island development state to fight climate change,

Mauritius

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89
Q

cyclone/ storm becomes a “bomb” when its central pressure decreases very quickly—by at least ____ millibars in _____hours

The term “bomb cyclone” was introduced by meteorologists ____ and____ in a 1980 study.

A

24,24 , Fred Sanders, John Gyakum,

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90
Q

carbon fertilisation is increasing ______

A

carbon sink on land temporarily.

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91
Q

Ahermatypic Polyps

● Corals which live without ______& ______.
● Do they BUILD REEFS.?
● Is it found in swallow waters or deep oceans?
● It collects food directly from flowing water.
● It is found in cold, deep oceans. - ________
● Fire Corals, Organ pipe Corals, Black Corals (India)
● Fire coral : type of hydrocoral, mentioned in schedule____ of WPA, very
rare

A

(polyps that don’t form reefs)
symbiotic relations , Zooxanthellaes
no
deep ocean
Antarctica, Canada, Norway, US,
UK, Japan, NZ.
1

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92
Q

(Dendrogyra cylindrus) is a ?

A

Pillar coral

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93
Q

Epizootics :?

A

when diseases is caused in animals by pathogen which is similar to epidemic in animals.

It is like epidemic within animals (not humans)

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94
Q

which country in oceanic island is not a part of Coral Triangle Initiative

A

Australia

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95
Q

Fibbing
Hidden trade off

A

make env claims that are simply untrue
Make env friendly claim on the fact of just one attribute

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96
Q

_________ is a graph that shows the long term increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide
(CO2) concentrations since the late 1950s.

A

The Keeling Curve

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97
Q

Global Commission on Adaptation
● GCA was established by ______ and the leaders of 22 other
convening countries in _____(year)
Is India a member ?

A

Netherlands, 2018, yes

98
Q

Adaption gap report, emission gap report, by

A

UNEP

99
Q

UN Environment Programme (UNEP)
● UNEP or UN Environment is an agency of the UN established in ____ after
_______ conference. Headquarters- _____

A

1972, Stockholm, Nairobi, Kenya,

100
Q

UNEP does not host the secretariats of following multilateral org-

A

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
● United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)

101
Q

Major reports by UNEP
What is triple emergency -?

A

Global Environment Outlook
● Adaptation Gap Report
● Triple Emergency
● [Refers to three main interlinked issues that humanity currently faces:
climate change, pollution and biodiversity loss]
● Cooling Emissions and Policy Synthesis Report
● Faith for Earth Initiative (FEI

102
Q

Champions of the Earth award
● Context- Indian wildlife biologist________was honoured
with UN Environment Programme’s (UNEP) 2022

A

Dr Purnima Devi Barman ,

103
Q

Nairobi Summit, 1982 was held for
● Assessment of _____
Brundtland Commission in 1984 which submitted its landmark report _______ in 1987 on sustainable development.

A

Stockholm declaration, “Our Common
Future”,

104
Q

Rio declaration
Agenda 21- binding?
Forest principles - ?
Precautionary principle?

A

Sustainable non binding
all forest - non binding
precautionary principle-
which should be “widely applied by states according to their capabilities”
(principle 15), and of the polluter pays principle, which states are
encouraged to adopt where it is in the public interest to do so and it will
not distort international trade and investment

105
Q

A major achievement of the Earth Summit (1992) was an agreement on the Climate Change
Convention (UNFCCC), which in turn led to the ____.
● Important legally binding agreements opened for signature under the aegis of the Earth Summit are:________

  • Global Environment Facility (GEF) was established on the eve of the _____ Rio Earth Summit
    as an independently operating financial organization. ____ member countries, including India.
    The ___ serves as the GEF Trustee
    Global Environment Facility (GEF) Council meets ___ annually and Makes decisions by _______.
    __________was launched in 2015 to combat trafficking in Wildlife. It is a World
    Bank-led & GEF-funded partnership.

The GEF administers several funds, including the ___________ and the _________

A

Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement, a) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
b) United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
c) United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

1992, 185, World Bank
twice, consensus, Global Wildlife Programme (GWP)
Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF)

106
Q

2 Climate
Funds
administered by GEF

A

Special climate change fund, least developed countries fund

107
Q

Rio+10
● As a follow-up to UNCED, the World Summit on Sustainable Development
(Rio+10) was held in 2002 in ____
● Rio+10 affirmed the UN commitment to _____ alongside the
_______ (formed by UNGA)
● _____ were established following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in __ consisting of ___goals to be achieved by ___

A

Johannesburg, South Africa.
Agenda 21
Millennium Development Goals(MDGs).*2
2000, 8 , 2015

108
Q

Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE)
● PAGE, launched in _____, is a direct response to the__________,
____________
● The partnership brings together five United Nations agencies; ____________
● It seeks to assist countries in achieving SDG (2030 Agenda), especially
SDG 8: “______________

A

2013, Rio+20 Declaration, The Future We Want., UNEP,
UNDP, ILO, UNIDO (UN Industrial Development Organization), and
UNITAR (United Nations Institute for Training and Research), Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth,
full and productive employment.

109
Q

SDG were born in ?

______________ principles pertaining to importance of water as a resource for
environmental protection and human development, were presented at the
conference.

A

RIO 2012
The Dublin Principles

109
Q

The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, in _____
● It came into force in __. It is the only global treaty with binding limits on GHG
emissions. There are currently ___ Parties to the Kyoto Protocol.
● India ratified in _____, the __never ratified, and _____ withdrew in 2012.
●
● Kyoto protocol is based on the principle of ______________. It
aimed to cut GHG emissions across the developed world by about ____ by ___ compared
with 1990 level.
● The Kyoto Protocol legally binds developed country Parties to emission reduction targets.
The Protocol’s first commitment period started in____ and ended in ___. The second
commitment period began on 1 January 2013 and has ended in 2020

The targets for the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol cover emissions of
the six main greenhouse gases, namely:
________

annex 1,2,1B,

A

1997, 2005, 192, 2002, USA , Canada, common but differentiated responsibilities
5%, 2012, 2008, 2012
● Carbon dioxide (CO2);
● Methane (CH4);
● Nitrous oxide (N2O);
● Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs);
● Perfluorocarbons (PFCs); and
● Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)

Annex 1 - developed and economies in transition, 1B - countries with commitment in first and second round - binding targets
Annex 2 - Developed countries required to provide technical and financial support

109
Q

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an
international environmental treaty that came into existence under the aegis of the UN.
● It was negotiated in ____ at _____ and was signed in 1992 at the _________
● As of Feb 2023, the UNFCCC has ________members
● Legal Effect: It is considered legally _____

A

1992
New York City
Rio Earth
Summit (UNCED).
198 parties.
non-binding.

109
Q

Stockholm+50

● Recently, Stockholm+50 meeting was held at Stockholm, Sweden to
commemorate the 50 years since the 1972 United Nations Conference on
the Human Environment (also known as the Stockholm Conference),
which made the environment a pressing global issue for the first time.
● Stockholm+50 theme: ______________

A

A healthy planet for the prosperity of all — our
responsibility, our opportunity

110
Q

High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF)
● It is a forum under the __________
tasked with overseeing the outcomes of the 1992 Earth Summit.
● HLPF meets both under the General Assembly every ___years and the
ECOSOC in other years.
● It is responsible for the follow up and the review of progress of
implementation of the following:
_______________

A

UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
4
● Agenda 21
● Johannesburg Declaration (Rio+10)
● Rio+20

110
Q

Paris rule book

A

legally binding sets parameters to measures a country’s progress,

110
Q

Flexible Market Mechanisms Under Kyoto Protocol
● Countries bound to Kyoto targets have to meet them largely through domestic action
— that is, to reduce their emissions onshore. But they can meet part of their targets
through three “market-based mechanisms”:
_____________________________

A

a. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (developed + underdeveloped)
b. Emission Trading ( trade surpluses carbon credits to the deficit - among developed and developed)
c. Joint Implementation (JI) _ Developed country in developed country

111
Q

what is REDD+
The UN Programme on Reducing
Emissions from Deforestation and
Forest Degradation (UN-REDD).
By ————
Headquarters: ______
Membership: ____ Partner Countries.

REDD is a multilateral collaborative
programme of ___,____,and _____
It was created in _____ in response to
the UNFCCC decisions on the ______and REDD.
REDD+ provides results based payments for ________

A

REDD+ goes beyond deforestation and forest
degradation and aims to incentivize developing
countries to reduce emissions from deforestation
and forest degradation, conserve forest carbon
stocks, sustainably manage forests and enhance
forest carbon stocks. The “+” in REDD+ refers to
these additional activities.

UNFCCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 64
FAO, UNDP and UNEP, 2008, Bali Action
Plan, Result based actions

112
Q

Forest Carbon Partnership Facility=

A global partnership launched in ____by the ________.
Focuses on_____ activities in developing countries.
Comprises two funding mechanisms:
___________ and _____ fund

A

2008, World Bank, REDD+,
Readiness Fund: Provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries to prepare for REDD+ implementation.

Carbon Fund: Pilots performance-based payments for verified emission reductions from REDD+ activities.

113
Q

The Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC)=

Formed in ____ by the _____ and several countries.
A voluntary partnership of over 160 governments, organizations (intergovernmental and non-governmental), and private sector entities.
Focuses on reducing emissions of ______
India is a signatory??
CCAC was initiated by which countries?

A

2012, UNEP, Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPs), yes

USA-Canada-Mexico, Ghana, Sweden, Bangladesh

(You can meet sweet Bangladeshi girl)

114
Q

examples of short lived climate pollutant

A

Methane, black carbon, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and tropospheric ozone.

Mai BC TO tu HFC

115
Q

Managed by the ______
Funds projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions from ________ activities in developing countries.
Focuses on two key areas: ___ and ____

A

World Bank, land-based, REDD+, Sustainable land-use practices

116
Q

Global Climate Change Alliance + (GCCA+)
is a initiative by?

A

European Union

117
Q

Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture (GACSA)
● GACSA is promoted by_____

A

FAO

118
Q

Santiago network
Established in December ___ at the Conference of the Parties (COP) 25 held in _________.
It falls under the ________ for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts (WIM).
Focuses on providing technical assistance to developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change.
secretariate >?__________

A

2019, Madrid, Spain, Warsaw International Mechanism

UN office for disaster risk reduction and un office for project service ,

119
Q

IPCC

established:
____ by the _____________and _______

Role: Leading international body for the assessment of climate change.
Function:

Does not conduct its own research.
in __________ , (year) IPCC won the Nobel Peace Prize

A

1988, World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 2007

(hence IPCC is a UN body)

120
Q
  1. State of Global Climate Report World
  2. Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) Report Card,2022
  3. Greenhouse Gas Bulletin, 2022
  4. Climate Investment Opportunities in India’s Cooling Sector
  5. Climate and Development: An Agenda for Action
  6. Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) Synthesis Report, 2022
  7. Investing in carbon neutrality: Utopia or the new green
    wave?
A
  1. Meteorological Organization (WMO
  2. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) + Intergovernmental
    Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO
  3. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) [Annually]
  4. World Bank
  5. World Bank
  6. UNFCCC
  7. Food and Agriculture Organization + European Bank for
    Reconstruction and Development
121
Q
  1. State of Climate Action Report
  2. Climate Transparency Report
  3. Global Carbon Budget 2022 Report
  4. Climate Change Performance Index
  5. Carbon Pricing Leadership Report
  6. The World Heritage Glaciers Report
A
  1. Climate Action Tracker, UN High-Level Climate Change Champions
    etc
  2. Climate Transparency
  3. Global Carbon Project
  4. Germanwatch, NewClimate Institute and Climate Action Network
  5. Secretariat of Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition
  6. UNESCO+IUCN
122
Q

The UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
● is it a legally binding?.
● It was opened for signature at the ___
and entered into force in _______.
● is India member?
● All UN member states — except the __________— have ratified the
treaty

A

yes
Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992
1993
yes
USA

123
Q

fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources was held in which convention

________ protocol under CBD focusses on LMO

A

The UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity. It was adopted on 29 October 2010 in Nagoya, Japan, and entered into force on 12 October 2014

Cartagena adopted in 2000 came in force 2003

124
Q

The _________Protocol has provisions for an Advance Informed Agreement (AIA) procedure.

A

Cartagena -

Exception

Pharmaceuticals for humans: The Cartagena Protocol does not regulate medicines for humans. These are managed by other international agreements and organizations.

Products derived from LMOs: The protocol does not cover products made from LMOs if the LMOs are no longer living. For example, if genetically modified (GM) crops are used to make cooking oil, the cooking oil itself is not regulated by the Cartagena Protocol.

125
Q

Cartagena Protocol
● India is a party to the Cartagena Protocol (ratified in ___).
● The nodal agency (Competent National Authority-CNA) in the country for the
implementation of the Protocol is the __________

A

2003, Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change (MOEF&CC)

126
Q

The Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and
Redress is a supplementary protocol to the Cartagena protocol on
Biosafety. 2010 for/??

A

Access and Benefit-sharing

127
Q

International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and
Agriculture - Int seed treaty

is it legally binding?
org?
India member?

A

Yes
FAO
India is a member

128
Q

National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR)

Year of Establishment:  \_\_\_\_\_\_\_(full-fledged institute)
Parent Organization: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Ministry: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Headquarters: \_\_\_\_\_\_
Function: Nodal institute for plant genetic resources (PGR) management in India

Key functions :

  1. Acquisition and conservation of indigenous and exotic PGR for food and agriculture
    1. Germplasm collection within India and from abroad
      Promotion of research on PGR characterization and utilization
    2. Supporting crop improvement programs through diverse germplasm availability

what is Germplasm?

A

1976
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare

New Delhi

Germplasm: Germplasm is living tissue from which new plants can be grown.

129
Q

Atlyn Dala
Conservation
Initiative

A

To conserve and restore Kazakhstan’s steppe, semi-desert and
desert ecosystems across the historical range of the Saiga
antelope

130
Q

Restoration Barometer report

A

IUCN

131
Q

United nation Ocean conference

The second UNOC, co-hosted by _____ and ______ at ____, ended
with the ___ Declaration, a political declaration entitled ____________.

● First UNOC was held in _____ at UN Headquarters in New York, co-hosted
by the Governments of ____ and _____

A

Kenya, Portugal, Lisbon, Lisbon, Our Ocean,
Our Future: call for action’, 2017, Fiji, Sweden.

132
Q

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora (CITES) is an multi-national treaty
● Also known as the ________
It was drafted due to a resolution adopted by members of IUCN in _______
● It entered into force in ______.
● is legally binding?
● Management Authority for CITES (CITES-MA) in India: __________

A

Washington Convention, 1963., 1975, YES (However, it does not take the place of national laws.) , Director of
Wildlife Preservation, Government of India

133
Q

TRAFFIC is an NGO
founded in ___ as a joint Programme of the _____ and ___. Its headquarters is in ______

A

1976, World Wide Fund for Nature
(WWF), IUCN, Cambridge, UK.

134
Q

Convention on Migratory Species (CMS)
It is an international treaty, concluded under the aegis of the UN
Environment Programme in _____ in ________
● It entered into force in _____.
● CMS is also known as _____ Convention or _______ conference.

CoP13 was organized in 2020 in
___________.
CoP 14 _____.
The mascot for both COP 13 and COP 14 of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species was ________

A

1979, Bonn, Germany, 1983, Bonn, Global Wildlife, Gandhinagar-Gujarat, Uzbekistan, ‘Gibi - The Great Indian Bustard.

135
Q

It is the only global and UN-based intergovernmental organization
established exclusively for the conservation of terrestrial, aquatic, and
avian migratory species throughout their range

A

CMS

136
Q

Allopatric speciation occurs when a species is separated by a __________ leading to the evolution of distinct species over time.

A

geographical barrier,

137
Q

Sympatric speciation involves the evolution of new species ____(same/diff) area, often due to _____ differences

A

within the same geographic, ecological or behavioral
A new species, perhaps
based on a different food source or
characteristic, seems to develop
spontaneously. The theory is that some
individuals become dependent on certain
aspects of an environment—such as
shelter or food sources—while others do
not

138
Q

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a _______ instrument established under the Kyoto Protocol to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Purpose: It allows emission-reduction projects in _____ countries to earn __________ credits, each equivalent to _____.

Under CDM, the projects handled pertain only to the ____countries.

India accounts for around ____ of global carbon trading through CDM.

_______was the first Indian company with a CDM project certified under the Kyoto Protocol.

A

market-based, developing, Certified Emission Reduction (CER), one ton of CO2, Annex -I, 31%, Gujarat Fluoro-Chemicals (GFL) ,

139
Q

The Global environment facility serves as a financial mechanism for major international environmental conventions, including the ( name 5)

A

Minamata Convention on Mercury,
the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants,
the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity,
the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, and
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

140
Q

provisioning services , regulating services , cultural services and supporting services .

A

(e.g., food, water, timber)
(e.g., climate regulation, water purification)
(e.g., recreation, spiritual and cultural values),
(e.g., nutrient cycling, crop pollination, soil formation)

141
Q

Arrange the following with net primary productivity in ascending order

Desert
Tundra
Ocean
Lakes
Savanna
TEMPERATE Grasslands (steppe)

A

DESERT - OCEAN -TUNDRA - LAKES - steppe- Savana

142
Q

Should the pollutant for biomagnification be
a. Biologically active
b. Biologically inactive

A

Biologically active
PCBs
Mercury
DBT
Dioxins
Chlordane

143
Q

Phosphorous occurs most abundantly in nature in the form of ________

Is phosphorous cycle unidirectional or multidirectional?

A

Phosphate ion.
multidirectional

144
Q

what is autogenic succession

A

succession brought by living inhabitants of that community itself.

145
Q

Arctic tundra aur alpine tundra kaha milta hai

A

Arctic polar ke pass
alpine moutain top pe

146
Q

True or false
cold water reefs are more than tropical water reefs
Cold water reefs require zooxanthellae

A

True
false

147
Q

lentic water system and lotic water system

A

Still and stagnant water system
Lotic water system - moving water system

148
Q

____is the only mangrove which is inhabited by tiger

A

Sunderban

149
Q

india ratified convention on persistent organic pollutants in _____
list of POP -

A

2006

150
Q

can hydro power plant release nitrogen oxide?

A

no

151
Q
  1. A remediation technique that uses air injection into contaminated groundwater to enhance the aerobic biodegradation of organic contaminants.
    1. Introduction of specific microorganisms into a contaminated environment to enhance biodegradation of pollutants, often used in bioremediation strategies.
    2. : In situ remediation method involving the injection of air or oxygen into contaminated soil to stimulate the activity of indigenous microorganisms for the degradation of organic pollutants.
  2. A water remediation technique which involves the uptake of contaminants by Plants Roots
  3. Contaminated soil is excavated and periodically tilled until pollutants are degraded.
A

Biosparging:
Bioaugmentation:
Bioventing
Rhizo-filtration
Landfarming

Bioventing - In soil , Biosparging - in ground water

152
Q

is ozone released from burning fossil fuels?

A

no as ozone is a secondary pollutants it can’t be released from primary sources .

153
Q

torrefaction technology is related to

A

to tackle stubble burning

154
Q

PUSA decomposer is made by
Green crackers is made by

A

Indian Agriculture research institute
Council for scientific and industrial research

155
Q

Indian soils are ______ (less/more) susceptible to acid rain

A

less
Indian soil have larger buffer of calcium and magnasium - neutralizes the effect of acid
Indian soil is derived from basic rocks (alkaline).

156
Q

are chlorofluorocarbons flammable ? Toxic to humans?
Ozone depleting?
Green house gas potential?

A

no
No
yes
very high

157
Q

what is brown carbon?

A

Carbon released due to combustion of organic matter

158
Q

what are steps for EIA process

A

Screening:
Determines if a project requires an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Scoping: Defines the focus of the EIA,

Impact Analysis: Identifies, predicts, and evaluates potential environmental impacts
Mitigation and Management: Develops strategies
Reporting and Review: Documents the findings
Decision-making: .
Monitoring and Auditing:
Communication and Dissemination:
Documents the findings,

159
Q

Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) refers to a state where the amount and quality of land resources necessary to support ecosystem functions and services, as well as enhance food security, remain _______ or _______ within specified temporal and spatial scales.

three indicators ?

A

stable, improve

  1. Land cover
  2. Land productivity
  3. Soil organic carbon
160
Q

due to global warming will arable land in northern hemisphere decrease or increase?

A

increase as snow will melt

161
Q

NO2 or N2O which is green house gas?
is carbon monoxide a green house gas?
Is ammonia a green house gas ?
is benzene a green house gas?

A

N2O
No to all

162
Q

Iysocline (Calcite Compensation Depth)

due to ocean acidification this line comes - above or below?

A

the boundary below which calcium carbonate strongly increases in the deep ocean
it comes above vertically

163
Q

In stratosphere, ozone is more over
tropics or polar?

in tropospheric, ozone is more over tropics or polar ?

Due to _______circulation ozone sinks at polar region

which has more ozone depletion potential (ODP) = Chlorine or Bromine?
which has highest recorded ozone depletion potential (ODP) ?
which treaty helps in phasing out such ozone depletion potential (ODP) gases or elements ?

A

tropics
Polar
Brewer Dobson Circulation
bromine
CFC -11, CFC -12|
Montreal protocol

164
Q

a process by which carbon is captured and stored in vegetation and soil is called ____

Hydrodynamic trapping - involves

Solubility trapping - involves

A

terrestrial sequestration

CO2 is trapped inside in low permeability cap rock

CO2 dissolved in liquid such as water and oil

165
Q

coastal or terrestrial ecosystem - which one is better at carbon sequestration

A

coastal

166
Q

Iron fertilization in ocean will lead to __

A

Plankton bloom

167
Q

Tax collected under carbon tax - goes to ____

A

National clean energy fund

168
Q

India has over ___% of geographical wetlands under wetlands.
____ (state) has largest proportion of wetland

Inland Vs Coastal - where are more wetlands

A

4.7%

Gujrat

Inland

169
Q

Earth Hour by ___

A

WWF

170
Q

Montreal protocol Vs Kyoto Protocol
Formation
goal
parties
India?
Amendments via
Review every ?

A

1987, 1997
Ozone depleteing substance, green house gas emission reduction
197, 192
India = signatory and ratified
concensus, 2/3 majority
every four year, every five year

171
Q

funding mechanisms, including the Adaptation Fund and the Green Climate Fund, to assist developing countries in implementing the ____________protocol.

it was outcome of ______ held at _____

A

Kyoto
COP 16 , Cancun

172
Q

UN REDD:

Established in \_\_\_, UN REDD focuses on reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.
Collaborative effort involving \_\_, \_\_\_, and \_\_\_.
Aims to address forest-related solutions to the climate crisis.

UN REDD Goals by 2025:

Reduce forest emissions by \_\_\_\_Gigaton per year.
Mobilize USD \_\_\_\_ billion by 2025.
Ensure over 15 countries enhance forest ambitions in NDCs.

UN REDD+:

A mechanism under UNFCCC to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.
Offers financial incentives for developing countries to invest in low-carbon sustainable development.
Encompasses conservation, sustainable forest management, and enhancing forest carbon stocks.
Seeks to channel funds from developed to developing countries for low-carbon development and poverty reduction.

Key Points:

Established in 2008, UN REDD aims to mitigate climate change by reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.
UN REDD+ offers financial incentives for developing countries to invest in sustainable forest management.
REDD+ encompasses \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in addition to reducing emissions
A

2008, FAO, UNDP, UNEP, 1 , 5
conservation and enhancing forest carbon stocks

173
Q

GHG protocol is developed by?

A

world resource institute, World Business council on sustainable development

174
Q

Air quality index - 8 gases ____

A

PM 10, PM 2.5, O3, NO2, CO, SO2, NH3, Pb ( lead)

175
Q

Delhi declaration

A

land degradation neutrality

175
Q

As per recent amendments - to Indian forest act - 1927- Forest dwellers have right to fell bomboo grown on
a. Forest land
b. non forest land

A

non forest land

175
Q

Climate smart city assessment framework is launched by -

A

Ministry of Housing and Urban affairs

176
Q

CRZ
Established in ____by the Government of India under the ___________ Act

Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) extends up to _____from High Tide Line (HTL) and a stretch of ___ along creeks, estuaries, backwaters, and rivers subject to tidal fluctuations.

A

1991 , Environment Protection, 500m , 100m

177
Q

Shailesh Nayak Committee in 2014 related to?

A

CRZ

178
Q

Bio-Medical Waste (BMW) Management Rules, 2016 - Salient Features:

Classification:

BMW categorized into \_\_\_ types

Phase-out of Plastics:

Elimination of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ plastic bags, gloves, and blood bags within 2 years.

but in 2018 - ___ was exempted

No on-site treatment allowed if common treatment facility available within ____ km radius.

A

4 ,
red = plastic waste like syringes
yellow = Infectious waste like bandages
blue = Glass items like bottles, discarded medicines
black = needles without syringes

chlorinated

blood bags

75

179
Q

Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management & Transboundary Movement) Amendment Rules, 2019:

Salient Features:

Prohibition of import of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ plastic waste, including in SEZs and EOUs.
Exemption for exporters of \_\_\_\_\_\_ waste from requiring permission from the Ministry of Environment.
Permission-free import of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ electrical and electronic assemblies and components within a year of export.
Industries exempted from requiring authorization if they don't need consent under \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_Acts, provided waste is handed over to authorized users or facilities.
A

solid
silk
defective
Water and Air

180
Q

according to solid waste management rule 2016
Waste generators mandated to segregate waste into three streams: wet (biodegradable), dry (plastic, paper, metal, wood, etc.), and __________ waste.

A

domestic hazardous

181
Q

which of the two has been established by wildlife protection act 1972
animal welfare board
Wildlife crime control bureau

the incorrect one has been established under

A

wildlife crime control bureau

prevention of cruelty to animal act 1960

182
Q

who is chairperson of National board of wildlife
a. PM
b. Minister of env

A

PM

183
Q

Who is chairperson of compensatory afforestation fund
a. PM
b. Min of env

A

min of env

184
Q

Dioxins and furans are persistent organic pollutants, meaning they ________________and can persist for a long time.
byproducts of industrial processes, such as ___________, chemical manufacturing, and certain natural processes like_________.

____ conventions helps to regulate it

A

do not readily break down in the environment

waste incineration , forest fires

stockholm

185
Q

Any amount of compensation or relief made by NGT shall be remitted to env relief fund which was created under ________ Act

A

Public liability insurance act 1991

186
Q

For every application to NGT where compensation claim is not involved a fess of ______ is mandatory

application where compensation claim is involved ____% of compensation will be as fees

Can take suo motu action?

A

1000
1%
yes

187
Q

Environment pollution control authority was constituted under _______act
it has replaced ____________
Can take suo motu action>?????

A

env pro act
commission for air quality management in national capital region and adjoining area
yes

188
Q

Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs):
Set up at local levels to manage biodiversity and document traditional knowledge is set up under which act ____

A

Biological diversity act

189
Q

Blue carbon initiative by _______

A

conservation int, IUCN, IOC-UNESCO

190
Q

Blue dot network

A voluntary, multi-stakeholder initiative

launched in --- by the -------, ----------- and ---------. (countries)
Aims to promote high-quality, sustainable infrastructure development around the world.

Does it provide funding?

offers a ————- for infrastructure projects.

A

2019,US, Japan, Australia
no

certification framework

191
Q

powering past coal is an initiative of —-,—–,—–

A

UK, Canada, Marshall Islands

192
Q

Paris agreement is a binding or non binding

A

binding

193
Q

Carbon Neutral now

by the ———- secretariat in ———-

three-step approach: ————, Reduce, ————.

(it’s being phased down due to evolving goals towards net-zero emissions.)

A

UNFCCC, 2015
Measure,
Contribute

194
Q

Pozan strategic program is an initiative by ______
for __________

A

Global env facility
tech transfer

195
Q

____________ is the first project to get funding from clean technology fund in India

A

Rewa solar plant

196
Q

The National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme (NGGIP)

Established in _____ by the ______
Aims to ensure consistency and transparency in how countries report their GHG inventories.

A

1991
IPCC

197
Q

__________-convention on Transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and their disposal

___________convention on Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure for the import of certain hazardous chemicals

________ convention on Abate acidification Eutrophication and ground level ozone

A

Basel
rotterdam
gothenburg

198
Q

Reducing land degradation and enhancing conservation of terrestrial habitats have been launched by _________

A

G20

199
Q

operation Thunder ( to ban trade of illegal forest produce and animals) by ___and ___

A

World customs organization, INTERPOL

200
Q

Fit for 55 ) cutting emissions by 55% by 2030) by______

A

EU

201
Q

Asian waterbird census by _______

A

Wetland International

202
Q

Bio carbon fund for REDD+
Managed by _________

A

world bank

203
Q

Sustainable finance collaborative Programme - min of finance in partnership with _____

A

UNDP

204
Q

Rotterdam convention is administered by ______ and ________

A

UNEP and FAO

205
Q

international climate initiative by

A

Germany

206
Q

coalition of Sustainable climate action by _______

A

ISA secretariate

207
Q

Global climate risk index

A

Germanwatch

208
Q

Warsaw international mechanism for loss and damage @ COP-___ of _______ in _____

A

UNFCCC (COP 19) , 2013

209
Q

Landon convention and MARPOL convention is related to

A

sea pollution

210
Q

Are HFCs ozone depleting ??

A

NO

211
Q

India is a permanent chairperson of ____________

A

Coalition for disaster resilient infrastructure initiative

212
Q

Beach environment aesthetic management service is by UNEP - true or false

A

False
by Min of env

213
Q

Not all animals migrated by choice

is an initiative of
A. UNEP
B. Wildlife crime control bureau
c. TRAFFIC

A

A and B

214
Q

united in science report 2020 complied by _________of advice of _________

A

WMO, UN-secretary general

215
Q

Artic hole - first noticed in ____
forms during ________

Antarctic hole -first notice in _________forms during _________

polar stratospheric clouds remove ______compounds which were helpful moderates the destructive impacts of chlorine on Ozone

A

2011, spring (march to May)

1985, August to November

Nitrogen

216
Q

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

Established in \_\_\_\_ after UN Conference on the Human Environment
Headquarters: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Members: 193 UN Member States, including India
Funding: Mostly reliant on voluntary contributions (over 95%)
Environment Fund is core funding source
Hosts secretariats of various conventions and entities
Conventions include IPBES, IPCC (hosted jointly with WMO)
Supports \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_' for assessing building operations' carbon footprint
A

1972
Nairobi, Kenya
‘Common Carbon Metric

217
Q

recall the env convention timeline

A

Stockholm convention that led to UNEP 1972
CITES 1973
CMC/Bonn 1979
Vienna 1985 - ozone protection
Montreal protocol 1987 - ODS - elimination of CFC
Basel convention (transboundary movement) 1989
Rio Earth 1992
- CBD
- UNFCC
- UNCCD
Kyoto 1997 GHG emission -

Rotterdam convention 1998 ( prior informed consent)
Cartegena protocol 2000
Stockholm convention on POPs 2001
Nagoya protocol 2010
Minamata convention 2013
paris 2015
kigali amendment 2016

218
Q

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)

Statutory organization under \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Later entrusted with powers under \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Responsible for environmental pollution prevention and control along with State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs)
Major Initiatives:
    National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP): Monitors 4 air pollutants nationwide
        \_\_\_,\_\_\_\_,\_\_\_\_\_,\_\_\_\_
   \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ portal: Monitors National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) implementation in 131 cities, disseminates air quality information
A

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Oxides of Nitrogen as NO2
Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM / PM10)
Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

PRANA

219
Q

BOD measures the oxygen demand resulting from ___________ (i.e., microbial decomposition of organic matter).
COD measures the total oxygen demand from __________

Time Frame:

BOD is measured over a specific period, typically \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
COD is measured is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

____ value always greater than ____

A

biological processes

both biological and chemical processes.

5 days (BOD5).
instantaneous and does not require a specific time frame,
COD , BOD

220
Q

Brahmaputra lies on the North and ________ hills on the South of Kaziranga.

A

Karbi Anglong

221
Q

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)

Secretariat:

Administered by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and based in Geneva, Switzerland.

Objective:

Ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not endanger the survival of species.

Membership:

184 Parties, India?\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
In India, the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, Government of India, serves as the Management Authority for CITES (CITES-MA).

Key Programs and Initiatives:

(MIKE) Programme:________________
An international effort to measure levels, trends, and causes of elephant mortality.
India participates with 10 sites in the MIKE program.

Other Information:

Is it legally binding ?\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Each Party adopts its own domestic legislation for implementation.
All 184 Parties have the right to attend, propose decisions, and vote.
Species covered by CITES are listed in three Appendices based on the level of protection they require.

which appendix has look alike species - ________

A

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

Yes

Director of Wildlife Preservation

Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants

yes

2

222
Q

About Intergovernmental Science-policy platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES):

Establishment:
    Independent intergovernmental body established in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
    Affiliated with UN?
    Strengthen the science-policy interface for biodiversity conservation, sustainable use, and sustainable development.
Secretariat:
    Provided by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Membership:
    Consists of 144 member countries, India ?\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A

2012

NO

the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

Yes

223
Q

Asia Pacific Plant Protection Commission (APPPC)

Overview:

Establishment: Established in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_as a regional body approved by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_of the United Nations.
Objective: Promotes cooperation among countries in the Asia-Pacific region to enhance plant health and protection.
Mandate: Assists in managing outbreaks of \_\_\_\_\_ species to promote safe agricultural trade.

Recent Development:

Leadership Role: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ was unanimously elected as the chair of the Standing Committee on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for the biennium 2023-24 during the 32nd Session held in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

1956
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
invasive
India

Bangkok.

224
Q

Heliophytes:

Definition: ??????
Habitats:?????????????
Characteristics: Coarse leaves with waxy and hairy protection against excessive light and water loss.
Examples: Mint, thyme, white clover, roses, ling, mullein, and soft velcro.
Light Compensation: Have a high light compensation point, requiring intense illumination for effective carbon dioxide adaptation.

.

A

Plants adapted to habitats with intense solar radiation.

225
Q

Sciophytes:

Definition: ????????????
Photosynthetic Units: Have large units, saturating at 20% sunlight exposure.
Adaptation: Can thrive in reduced light or partial sun.
Examples: ???????????/
A

Shade-loving plants requiring lower light compensation points.

Black pepper, cacao, coffee, and ginger

226
Q

The largest tiger reserve in India is ___________

A

the Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve.

227
Q

Smallest Tiger reserve __________

A

Bor Tiger reserve

228
Q

The Veerangana Durgavati Tiger Reserve in _______

A

Madhya Pradesh

229
Q

Autogenic succession: It is driven by _______ components of the ecosystem, like lichens.
o Allogenic succession: It is driven by the ______ components of the ecosystem.

( biotic and abiotic)

A

biotic
abiotic

230
Q

what is population Vs community
and
biome vs Ecosystem

A

o A population is a group of individuals that belong in the same species and live in the same area.

o A community is inclusive of all the populations of all the different species that live together in
a particular area.

o An ecosystem is inclusive of all the organisms that live in a place, along with their physical
environment.

o And, a biome refers to the community of plants and animals that occur naturally in an area, often
sharing common characteristics specific to that area. It is an area that includes communities of plants
and animals that have a common adaptation to that particular environment.

231
Q

The term “thermokarst” is most commonly associated with ____________

A

permafrost areas. Permafrost refers to
the permanently frozen ground found in regions where the temperature remains below freezing for
a significant portion of the year, usually in polar and subpolar regions.

232
Q

community reserves and conservation reserves are declared under the___________

A

Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act of 2002, which amended the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972

233
Q

Pangolins are the only mammals that are wholly covered in scales

true pr false

A

true

234
Q

Cyclone in north rotates __________

A

anti clock wise

Tip - NO AC!

235
Q

dark sky park at

A

pench

236
Q

anticyclone in south rotates in ____

A

anti-clockwise

237
Q

Peripatric speciation:

A

✓ When small groups of individuals break off from the larger group and form a new species, this is
called peripatric speciation.

238
Q

Parapatric speciation:

A

✓ In parapatric speciation, a species is spread out over a large geographic area. Although it is
possible for any member of the species to mate with another member, individuals only mate with
those in their own geographic region.

Enviornment (2 decks)

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