Entry of USA and Russian withdrawal

Question 1

When was the Lusitania sunk?

Answer 1

7th May 1915

Question 2

How many civilian lives (including American) were lost as a consequence of the Lusitania sinking?

Answer 2

1200 civilian lives, 124 American

Question 3

When was the Sussex torpedoed?

Answer 3

March 1916

Question 4

When was the Sussex Pledge concluded?

Answer 4

May 1916

Question 5

What were the terms of the Sussex Pledge

Answer 5

Agreement between Germany and the US, that 1. Germany would refrain from attacking all passenger ships, and 2. warn crew of all enemy merchant vessels prior to attack; otherwise diplomatic relationships would be severed

Question 6

When was unrestricted submarine warfare resumed?

Answer 6

January 1917

Question 7

Why was unrestricted submarine warfare resumed?

Answer 7

Ludendorff, navy leaders convinced the Kaiser that resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare could result in rapid British defeat

Question 8

When was the Zimmerman Telegram sent?

Answer 8

Mid January 1917

Question 9

What were the contents of the Zimmerman Telegram?

Answer 9

German Foreign Minister Zimmerman sent secret telegram to German Minister in Mexico, proposing joint German-Mexican action against the US if Wilson continued strong action against Germany

Question 10

What did the British do with the Zimmerman telegram?

Answer 10

Intercepted and passed it onto the Americans–>widespread outrage

Question 11

When did Congress vote to declare war on Germany?

Answer 11

6th April 1917

Question 12

When was the Emergency Fleet Corporation established?

Answer 12

16th April 1917

Question 13

What did the Emergency Fleet Corporation do?

Answer 13

Dramatically increased naval construction. Available tonnage increased from 1->10 million; resulted in the ability of the US navy to lay mine barrages across the North Sea to inhibit movement of U-boats

Question 14

How many men were inducted into service following introduction of the Selective Service Act?

Answer 14

3 of 24 million

Question 15

When did the first AEF troops arrive in France?

Answer 15

June 1917

Question 16

When did the first AEF troops start fighting?

Answer 16

Spring 1918

Question 17

By July 1918, how many Americans were arriving?

Answer 17

10,000 per day

Question 18

When did Americans begin to arrive at 10,000 per day?

Answer 18

July 1918

Question 19

What was the impact of American entry on morale?

Answer 19

Increased confidence of Allies; depressed German troops–~1 million transferred from East to Western front ~10% deserted

Question 20

Why was the American entry significant?

Answer 20

Men, morale, money (gave allies continual access to American loans and military hardware)

Question 21

When was the Russian provisional government overthrown by the Bolsheviks?

Answer 21

November 1917

Question 22

Why were the Bolsheviks under pressure to produce a rapid peace settlement?

Answer 22

Derived much power from promise of peace, land, and bread

Question 23

When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ratified?

Answer 23

March 1918

Question 24

What was the atmosphere surrounding the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk for the Bolsheviks?

Answer 24

Considerable internal disagreement due to its harsh and humiliating nature

Question 25

What % of heavy industry was surrendered under the Treaty?

Answer 25

27%

Question 26

How many Russians lost to German rule under the Treaty?

Answer 26

62 million

Question 27

What territory surrendered to Germany?

Answer 27

Baltic states, most of modern day Poland, Finland, Ukraine

Question 28

What was the impact of the Russian withdrawal for Germany?

Answer 28

1. No longer was there a war on two fronts-transfer of troops; 2. great boost to morale; 3. engendered Spring Offensive, as Ludendorff wanted to strike before arrival of US forces in large numbers