Entomology 1 Flashcards
Entomology Metamorphosis
Series of changes which an insect passes in its growth from egg to adult
Entomology Insect head
Antennae and eyes, ocelli and three pairs of jaws (mandible, maxillae, labium)
Entomology Insect thorax
3 segments each bearing a pair of legs, the second and third may also bear a pair of wings
Entomology Insect abdomen
Usually has 11 segments
Entomology Arachnid cephalothorax
No antennae, chelicerae and mouth parts do not have jaw, four pairs of legs
Entomology Arachnid abdomen
Also known as opisthosoma.
Entomology Vector borne protozoa
Malaria, leishmania, trypanosomiasis
Entomology Vector borne filaria
Lymphatic filariasis (Culex, Anopheles, Aedes, Mansonia), Onchocerca volvulus (Simulium fly), Loa loa (Chrysops fly), Mansonella (Midge)
Entomology Vector borne viruses
YF, Dengue
Entomology Vector borne bacteria
Plague, typhus, relapsing fever
Entomology Mechanical transmission
Trachoma on Musca sorbens, Shigella
Entomology Malaria
Bite of Anopheles
Entomology Lymphatic filariasis
Bite of Culex, Anopheles, Aedes and Mansonia
Entomology Diarrhoea disease mechanical transfer
Houseflies eg Musca domestica - contact with infected faeces
Entomology Trachoma
Musca sorbens - contact with eye secretions
Entomology Dengue
Bite of Aedes
Entomology Leishmania
Bite of Phlebotamine sandfly
Entomology Onchocerciasis
Bite of Simulium black fly
Entomology T brucei
Bite of Glossina tsetse fly
Entomology T cruzi
Bite of Triatoma, Rhodnius, triatomine bug
Entomology Rickettsia prowazeki
Bite of Pediculus humanus
Entomology Plague
Bite of Xenopsylla rat flea
Entomology Japanese encephalitis virus
Bite of Culex, Anopheles, Aedes and Mansonia
Entomology Yellow fever
Bite of Aedes and Haemagogus
Entomology Relapsing fever (Borrelia duttoni & recurrentis
Transovarial or bite of Ornthodoros and P humanus
Entomology Loa loa
Bite Chrysops deer fly
Entomology Scrub typhus O tsutsugamushi
Transovarial or bite of Leptotrombidium chigger mite
Entomology Lyme Borrelia burgdorferi
Bite of Ixodes
Entomology Tick borne encephalitis
Bite of Ixodes
Entomology West Nile virus
Bite of Culex
Entomology Zika virus
Bite of Aedes
Anopheles Time of biting
Night, inside houses
Aedes Time of biting
Day
Tsetse and flies Control
Traps
Mosquito larvae Control
Larval source management (LSM) - intermittent irrigation/flushing, chemical larvicides (Abate), treat with predatory copepods, reduce water (ie tyres and garbage, bacterial toxins (Bacillus), fish to eat larvae
Culex larvae Control
Moving water, floating polystyrene beads in latrines
Aedes Control
Wolbachia
Anopheles Control
IRS indoor residual spray, LLIN long-lasting insecticidal nets
Simulium Control
Aerial spraying of fast flowing water
Mosquito Subfamily: Anophelinae
Anopheles
Mosquito Subfamily: Culicinae
Aedes, Culex, Mansonia, Haemagoggus (+Toxorhynchites)
Anopheles Eggs
Cigar shaped, air-filled lateral floats
Anopheles Larva
Lays parallel to water, no siphon creates feeding current with mouthbrushes
Mosquito Life cycle
Egg -> larva -> pupae -> adult
Culicine Eggs
Lack float
Aedes Eggs
Black, laid singly on moist surface, can withstand desiccation for months
Culex Eggs
Brown, thin rafts
Mansonia Eggs
Stick to underside of aquatic vegetation
Culicine Larvae
Siphon, hang at angle to surface
Mosquito Blood meal
Only the female takes a blood meal - protein for egg development
Mosquito Pupae
Comma shaped, active, non-feeding - cannot distinguish anopheline from culicinae
Mosquito Proboscis
Sheath that surrounds mouthpart stylets - pair of maxillae, mandibles, one hypopharynx and the labrum (food canal)
Anopheles Travel distance
2-4km
Anopheles Monitoring population
Ladle for larvae/pupae, human landing catches (unethical), light traps then blood meal identification with anti-human Ab, dissection and age-grading by ovaries
Culex Body & Wings
Boring brown appearance
Aedes Body & Wings
Body black or brown with highlights of white or silver, legs and abdomen have banded appearance - A aegypti violin, A albopictus line
Mansonia Body & Wings
Speckled appearance with banded legs. Broad asymmetrical wings
Haemogoggus Body & Wings
Metallic and shiny
Anopheles Head
Both sexes have long palps, clustering of dark & pale scales forming bands. Male have densely haired antennae and long clubbed palps. Female have sparsely haired antennae and long palps. Body rests at 45o to surface
Culicine Head
Female short palps with sparsely haired antennae, Male long palps tapering to a point, densely haired antennae. Body rests parallel to surface
Phlebotamine Vector for
Leishmania
Phlebotamine Abdomen
Female round, male thinner with conspicuous copulatory claspers
Phlebotamine Larva
Terrestrial, dark head, short clubbed hairs over body ‘match stick’ with caudal bristles
Phlebotamine Pupae
Upright, paired caudal setae
Phlebotamine Adult
Smaller than mosquito (look macroscopic before microscopic). Hairy head, body and wings. Wings held upwards in V shape when at rest
Tsetse (Glossina) Vector for
Human African Trypanosomiasis
Tsetse (Glossina) Adult
Larger than mosquito (look macroscopic before microscopic). Branched hair on arista with small antennae. Proboscis and palp sit together. Wing has hatchet shaped cell
Tsetse (Glossina) Reproduction
Female only produces one larva each reproductive cycle, larva is retained in abdomen and goes through all three larval instars there, feeding off uterine milk, once mature it is ‘delivered’ and burrows under cover
Tsetse (Glossina) Larva
Light colour with fine black tubular mouthparts
Tsetse (Glossina) Pupae
Dark body colour, rounded appearance
Triatomine Vector for
Chagas (American Trypanosomiasis)
Triatomine Nymph
No larva. Nymph lack wings (just have a wing bud)
Triatomine Rhodnius
Long head. Antennae inserted at end of head ‘head looks like car on road - Rhodnius’
Triatomine Triatoma
Antennae inserted halfway between eyes and end of head
Triatomine Panstrongylus
Antennae insert just in front of eyes. ‘Strong eyes - Panstrongylus’
Triatomine Adult
Large insect. Proboscis tucked under head but may be unfolded in the exam
Triatomine Eggs
Oval egg with operculum, pale to dark pink
