Enterococcus, Streptococcus

Question 1

Commensal organisms of human gastrointestinal tract that cause opportunistic infections

Answer 1

Enterococcus

Question 2

Most common species of enterococcus in human
infections

Answer 2

E. faecalis, E. faecium

Question 3

Primary sites of infection and transmissions of S. pyogenes

Answer 3

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT and SKIN LESIONS

Question 4

Normal flora of upper respiratory; leading cause of acute otitis in children (0-3); major cause of bacterial meningitis

Answer 4

S. pneumoniae

Question 5

One of S. pyogenes’ virulence factors which destroys complement chemotactic factors

Answer 5

C5a peptidase

Question 6

Can be transmitted person to person from mother in utero or during delivery; Nosocomial transmissio
n by unwashed hands of mother or health care personnel

Answer 6

Streptococcus agalactiae

Question 7

Virulence factor of S. agalactiae which interferes with phagocytic activity and complement cascade activation

Answer 7

Capsular material

Question 8

Primary virulence factor of S. pneumoniae which inhibits phagocytosis

Answer 8

Polysaccharide capsule

Question 9

Colonizer of nasopharynx

Answer 9

S. pneumoniae

Question 10

Virulence factors of S. pneumoniae

Answer 10

Polysaccharide capsule, pneumolysin, secretory IgA

Question 11

Normal flora of the oral cavity, GI tract, genital tract

Answer 11

Viridans

Question 12

Endogenous strain
• Gain access to sterile site
• From dental manipulations

Answer 12

Viridans

Question 13

Production of extracellular complex polysaccharides (glucans; dextrans)
Enhance attachment to host cell surfaces such as cardiac endothelial cells or tooth surfaces in case of dental caries

Answer 13

Viridans

Question 14

Infections are health-care related; Mixed infections of
abdomen and pelvis

Answer 14

Enterococcus

Question 15

Used to detect S. pneumoniae C-polysaccharide

Answer 15

Urine antigen test

Question 16

Used to diagnose meningitis using CSF

Answer 16

S. pneumoniae & S. agalactiae (grp. B) antigen kits

Question 17

Lancet-shaped and evident by clear halo in gram stain

Answer 17

S. pneumoniae

Question 18

Odor of beta- hemolytic strep

Answer 18

Buttery odor

Question 19

Odor of Viridans strep

Answer 19

Butterscotch odor

Question 20

Complete or true lysis of RBC; Clear zone approaching the color and transparency of base medium around colony

Answer 20

Beta hemolysis

Question 21

Reduction of RBC hemoglobin to methemoglobin; Green or brown discoloration; Partial hemolysis

Answer 21

Alpha hemolysis

Question 22

No reaction surrounding medium; lack of hemolysis

Answer 22

Gamma hemolysis

Question 23

Alpha hemolytic, optochin sensitive, bile soluble, capsule (+), quellung (+)

Answer 23

S. pneumoniae

Question 24

Optochin resistant, not bile soluble, no capsule

Answer 24

Viridans

Question 25

Reacts with iron salt to form dark brown precipitate. Differentiate group D Enterococci

Answer 25

Bile esculin agar

Question 26

Detect genital carriage of Grp. B during pregnancy using vaginal or rectal swab

Answer 26

Todd-Hewitt broth with CNA (LIM)