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BACTE > ENTEROBACTERALES > Flashcards

ENTEROBACTERALES Flashcards

1
Q

largest and most medically important family of gram-negative bacilli

A

Enterobacteriaceae/ Gram (-) Enteric Bacilli

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2
Q

common cause of nosocomial infection and part of NF of animals

A

Enterobacteriaceae/ Gram (-) Enteric Bacilli

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3
Q

ferments glucose and facultative anaerobes

A

Enterobacteriaceae/ Gram (-) Enteric Bacilli

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4
Q

all Enterobacteriaceae are motile except

A

Shigella and Klebsiella

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5
Q

motile at RT but NM at 37C

A

Yersinia

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6
Q

Enterobacterales:

all reduce nitrates to nitrite except

A

Pantoea and Erwinia

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7
Q

Enterobacterales:

oxidase negative except

A

Plesiomonas shigelloides

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8
Q

formerly Vibrionaceae

A

Plesiomonas shigellodies

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9
Q

Enterobacterales:

often with gas production except

A

Shigella

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10
Q

Enterobacterales:

all are catalase positive except

A

S. dystenteriae

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11
Q

Antigen:

cell wall
lipopolysaccharide
heat stable

A

O antigen/ Somatic

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12
Q

Antigen:

heat labile
flagellar
protein

A

H antigen

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13
Q

Antigen:

heat-labile
capsular
polysaccharide
mask O antigen

A

K antigen

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14
Q

antigen of S. typhi

A

Vi antigen

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15
Q

can also be used but cannot differentiate Shigella from E. coli

A

MALDITOF

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16
Q

General Culture Media:

Brilliant green inhibitor

A

BSA

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17
Q

General Culture Media:

glucose fermentation

A

BSA

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18
Q

General Culture Media:

selective for Salmonella and produces black colonies

A

BSA

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19
Q

General Culture Media:

Mannitol Fermentation and neutral red as pH indicator

A

CIN

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20
Q

General Culture Media:

selective and differential
isolation of Y. enterolitica

A

CIN

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21
Q

General Culture Media:

can also isolate Plesiomonas and Aeromonas

A

CIN

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22
Q

General Culture Media:

eosin y and methylene blue are the inhibitor

A

EMB

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23
Q

General Culture Media:

Lactose and Sucrose Fermentation

A

EMB

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24
Q

General Culture Media:

sucrose is an alternate energy source for slow lactose fermenters

A

EMB

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25
Q

General Culture Media:

selective and differential for lactose and non lactose fermenters

A

EMB

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26
Q

General Culture Media:

pink/ red colonies for lactose fermenters

amber/ translucent/ colorless for non lactose fermenters

A

EMB

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27
Q

General Culture Media:

blue-black with greenish metallic sheen on EMB

A

E. coli

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28
Q

General Culture Media:

Deoxycholate citrate salts inhibitor and Mannitol Fermentation

A

GN Gram - broth

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29
Q

General Culture Media:

enrichment broth that enhances the recovery of enteric pathogens from fecal spx like Salmonella and Shigella

A

GN

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30
Q

General Culture Media:

bile salts inhibitors
lactose, salicin, and sucrose with pH indicator of bromthymol blue

A

HEK

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31
Q

General Culture Media:

detection of enterics from stool or enrichment broth

lactose fermenters: bright orange or salmon pink

A

HEK

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32
Q

General Culture Media:

lactose fermenterss are bright orange or salmon pink

non lactose are green to blue

A

HEK

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33
Q

General Culture Media:

bile salts and crystal violet as inhibitors

lactose fermentation with neutral red pH indicator

A

MAC

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34
Q

E. coli O157:H7

A

negative in Sorbitol MUG

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35
Q

General Culture Media:

lactose + are pink or red that may be surrounded by bile salts

non lactose are colorless or transparent

A

MAC

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36
Q

General Culture Media:

bile salts, sodium citrate, and Brilliant green inhibitors

lactose fermentation and neutral red is the pH indicator

A

SSA

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37
Q

General Culture Media:

lactose + are pink to red

Salmonella are H2S + hence colorless with black center

A

SSA

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38
Q

General Culture Media:

Na deoxycholate less bile salts inhibitor

sucrose and lactose in excess and xylose in lower amounts

phenol red is the indicator

A

XLD

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39
Q

General Culture Media:

yellow: fermentation of the excess carbohydrates to produce acid and absence of lysine decarboxylase

colorless or red: lactose -

A

XLD

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40
Q

General Culture Media:

yellow to red: fermentation of xylose

A

XLD

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41
Q

colony characteristic of lactose fermenters:

K. pneumoniae in MAC

A

encapsulated and mucoid colonies

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42
Q

colony characteristic of lactose fermenters:

greenish metallic sheen

A

E. coli in EMB

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43
Q

laboratory identification of Enterobacerales

A

gram staining

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44
Q

laboratory identification:

test position for cytochrome C to produce a dark-blue end product when reacted with Microdase reagent

A

Oxidase Negative

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45
Q

laboratory identification:

ability of an organism to reduce nitrate to nitrite

A

Nitrate reduction positive

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46
Q

laboratory identification:

differentiate gram - by their ability to ferment glucose, lactose, and sucrose and to produce H2S

A

TSI: Carbohydrate Fermentation Test

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47
Q

laboratory identification:

1:10:10
read at 18-24 hrs

A

TSI

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48
Q

laboratory identification:

pH indicator is phenol red
H2S indicator is ferrous sulfate

A

TSI

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49
Q

laboratory identification:

alkaline slant and alkaline deep
no change in color

A

K/K: non fermenters

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50
Q

laboratory identification:

alkaline slant (red) and acid deep (yellow)

A

K/A: non lactose fermenters (Glucose fermenters)

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51
Q

laboratory identification:

acid slant and butt
yellow/ yellow

A

A/A: lactose and sucrose fermenters

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52
Q

laboratory identification:

black precipitate in the medium/ butt is acidic

A

H2S production

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53
Q

laboratory identification:

similar medium to TSI but only 2 sugars; glucose and lactose

A

Kliger’s Iron Agar

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54
Q

laboratory identification:

A/A on TSI but only K/A on KIA

A

P. vulgaris, S. marsescens. Y. enterolitica

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55
Q

Enterobacteriaceae on TSI:

Lactose Fermenters

A

Klebsiella
Escherichia
Enterolitica

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56
Q

Enterobacteriaceae on TSI:

Late Lactose Fermenters

A

S. arizonae
Citrobacter
Serratia

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57
Q

Enterobacteriaceae on TSI:

Non-Lactose Fermenter

A

Salmonella
Shigela
Edwardsiella
Morganella
Providencia
Proteus
Yersinia
Hafnia

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58
Q

laboratory identification:

reading time must be within 24 hrs
used to differentiate lactose fermenters

A

IMViC

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59
Q

laboratory identification:

detects organism’s ability to produce the enzyme tryptophanase and deaminase tryptophan to indole, pyruvic acid, and ammonia

A

Indole

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60
Q

laboratory identification:

it is detected by the addition of Ehrlich’s Reagent AKA

A

paradimethylaminobenzaldehyde or Kovac’s Reagent

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61
Q

laboratory identification:

positive color is red or pink color
SIM is also used

A

Indole

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62
Q

laboratory identification: Indole

used for colonies from SBA or CAP and + is blue color

A

Spot Indole (Kovac’s Reagent)

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63
Q

laboratory identification: indole

added for visualization in which colorless turns red with growth

A

Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride

64
Q

laboratory identification:

based on either the mixed acid fermentation pathway or the butylene glycol pathway

A

MRVP

65
Q

laboratory identification:

detects the end of glucose fermentation

A

MRVP

66
Q

laboratory identification:

produce acid that will convert the methyl red to red color under what pH

A

<4.5

67
Q

laboratory identification:

____ is the MRVP conclusive color, if conclusive after _____. Continue up to addition three days

A

orange, 48 hours

68
Q

laboratory identification:

VP measures

A

acetoin or acetylmethylcarbinol

69
Q

laboratory identification: VP

addition of 40% KOH followed by a-napthol will produce ________ which indicated + test

A

red complex (neutral pH)

70
Q

laboratory identification: VP

method also used using alpha napthol and KOH + creatine

A

Coblentz

71
Q

laboratory identification:

ability of an organism to utilize sodium citrate as carbon source from pyruvate

A

Citrate utilization test

72
Q

laboratory identification: Citrate

are the N source and use of these will liberate ammonia producing alkaline pH

A

Ammonium salts

73
Q

laboratory identification: Citrate

indicator that turns the medium from green to prussian blue which is the positive reaction

A

Bromthymol blue

74
Q

laboratory identification:

false - if cap not loose

A

Citrate

75
Q

laboratory identification: Citrate

if this medium is used, phenol red is the indicator and organic nitrogen

at alkaline pH, it changes yellow to pink

A

Christensen citrate medium

76
Q

laboratory identification:

organisms that produce urease will hydrolyze urea to ammonia

A

Urease Test

77
Q

laboratory identification: Urease

Ammonia reacts to form ______ which increases pH

A

ammonium carbonate

78
Q

laboratory identification:

detected by phenol which turns to bright pink and Christensen media is generally the preferred medium

A

Urease

79
Q

laboratory identification:

slow urease after 4 hours

A

KEY- SC: Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Yersinia, Serratia, Citrobacter

80
Q

laboratory identification:

rapid urease <4 hours

A

PPM

81
Q

laboratory identification:

test to detect the ability to produce gelatinase that breakdown gelatin to AA at RT

A

Gelatin Hydrolysis Test

82
Q

laboratory identification:

incubation at 35C and should be chilled in a refrigerator before reading

liquefaction is the positive result

A

Gelatin hydrolysis

83
Q

laboratory identification:

utilizes sodium thiosulfate as sulphur source to form black or a colorless gas

combines to indicator ferrous sulfate to form black color

use to differentiate Salmonella from Shigella

A

H2S

84
Q

laboratory identification:

can be found in certain agar such as SIM, HEA, TSI, and LIA

A

H2S

85
Q

laboratory identification:

removal of amine group yielding in the production of phenylpyruvic acid

A

Phenylalanine deaminase

86
Q

laboratory identification:

overnight incubation of a 10% ferric chloride to an inoculated slant

A

Phenylalanine deaminase

87
Q

laboratory identification:

green is + rx
produces brown if tryptophan is used

A

deaminase

88
Q

laboratory identification:

test used for PPM

A

Phenylalanine deaminase

89
Q

laboratory identification:

removal of carboxyl-COOH group of lysine, ornithine, and arginine (dihydrolase)

A

decarboxylase (Moeller) and Dihydrolase

90
Q

laboratory identification:

semisolid agar tubes are innoculated by stabbing and an acid pH and anaerobic environment must be present hence it is important to add mineral oil

A

decarboxylase

91
Q

laboratory identification:

_____ color indicates glucose fermentation and results to acid pH indicates decarboxylase enzyme

A

yellow

92
Q

laboratory identification:

alkaline positive produces _____ due to amines

A

purple

93
Q

laboratory identification:

presence of decarboxylase is purpule (pH indicator is _________)

A

bromcresol blue

94
Q

laboratory identification:

decarboxylase and dihydrolase

A

lysine - cadaverine and CO2
ornithine - putrescine
arginine - citrulline

95
Q

laboratory identification:

for late or slow lactose fermenters
appear as non fermenter on primary media
detects the presence of B-galactosidase

A

ONPG

96
Q

laboratory identification:

produces yellow compound as +
used to differentiate Citrobacter + from Salmonella -

A

ONPG

97
Q

laboratory identification:

streaked in a medium with 0.2% DNA and incubated for 24 hours at 35C

after incubation, 1N HCL is added to the surface

A

DNase

98
Q

laboratory identification:

unhrydolyzed is insoluble in

A

HCL

99
Q

laboratory identification:

+ is formation of clear zone halo around the inoculum
use to differentiate Serratia + to E. coli

A

DNase

100
Q

laboratory identification:

movement away from the stab or a hazy appearance means a motile bacterium

uses SIM

A

motility

101
Q

laboratory identification:

uses acetate as a soul source of carbon

Sodium acetate resulting to an alkaline pH in which green to blue

used to differentiate E.coli + from Shigella -

A

Acetate Utilization Test

102
Q

Triple Enzyme Positive: Dnase, Gelatinase, Lipase

A

Serratia

103
Q

Fermentation Medium:

A

based on fermentation of carbohydrate into basal medium

104
Q

Fermentation Medium:

to differentiate enteric from corynebacterium

Peptone medium with _______

A

Andrade formula

105
Q

Fermentation Medium:

to differentiate enterococcus from streptococcus

A

bromcresol blue

106
Q

Fermentation Medium:

for gas production

A

durham tube

107
Q

Fermentation Medium: Durham Tube

pink w/ or w/o gas

A

+

108
Q

Fermentation Medium: Durham Tube

growth no color (straw)

A

-

109
Q

Fermentation Medium: Durham Tube

BHI + BCP

A

Strep to Entero

110
Q

Fermentation Medium: Durham Tube BHI + BCP

growth of yellow color

A

+

111
Q

Fermentation Medium: Durham Tube BHI + BCP

growth of purple color

A

-

112
Q

laboratory identification:

sodium malonate as source of carbon

bromthymol blue as pH indicator

ammonium sulfate as N source

A

Malonate Utilization Test

113
Q

laboratory identification:

+ is increase alkalinity from green to blue

to differentiate Salmonella + from Citrobacter -

A

Malonate

114
Q

laboratory identification:

based on deC and deA of lysine and formation of H2S

Bromcresol purple as pH indicator

A

LIA

115
Q

laboratory identification:

lysine + Glucose + Fe ammonium citrate + sodium thiosulfate

aerobic slant and anaerobic butt

A

LIA

116
Q

laboratory identification: LIA

if lysine occurs with a compound due to fe ammonium citrate and flavin mononucleotide, it produces ___________

A

burgundy slant

117
Q

Organisms under Enterobacteriaceae:

most common cause of UTI

A

E. coli

118
Q

Organisms under Enterobacteriaceae:
2nd cause of neonatal meningitis

A

E. coli

119
Q

Organisms under Enterobacteriaceae:

NF of GIT and + for B-glucuronidase using MUG under long wavelength of UV light

do not isolate from media with dyes

A

E. coli

120
Q

Organisms under Enterobacteriaceae:

Sorbitol - MUG

A

O157:H7 E. coli

121
Q

Organisms under Enterobacteriaceae:

K/A + gas + H2S Heavy

resembles E. coli IMViC ++–
assoc. with wound infection and bacteremia

A

Edwardsiella

122
Q

Organisms under Enterobacteriaceae:

NM
K/A with no gas
do not hydrolzed urea
H2S -
+ KCN broth

A

Shigella

123
Q

Organisms under Enterobacteriaceae:

bacterial diarrhea dysentery
closely resembles E. coli

A

Shigella

124
Q

Organisms under Enterobacteriaceae:

bloody diarrhea due to exotoxin or Shiga toxin

A

Shigella

125
Q

Organisms under Enterobacteriaceae:

may lead to HUD

A

Shigella

126
Q

Organisms under Enterobacteriaceae:

  • +- - IMViC
  • PAD
    H2S major producer and LDC + except ________
A

Salmonella, S. paratyphi A

127
Q

Organisms under Enterobacteriaceae:

All salmonella are motile excpt __________ and ______

A

S. pullorum and S. gallinarum

128
Q

Organisms under Enterobacteriaceae:

TSI: K/A + gas

K/K: LIA

no growth in KCN

A

Salmonella

129
Q

Albert’s Bacillus
serogroup D and Vi

A

S. typhi

130
Q

Specimen for Entero

A

blood, urine, and stool

131
Q

Spx:

first week of dse

A

blood

132
Q

Spx:

+ after second week

A

urine

133
Q

Spx:

second or third week of enteric fever but first week in enterocolitis

A

Stool

134
Q

Organisms under Enterobacteriaceae:

Citro bacter is formerly known as

A

Bethesda-Ballerup Group

135
Q

Organisms under Enterobacteriaceae:

resembles salmonella but ONPG + and LDC -

resembles E. coli on plates

A

Citrobacter

136
Q

can be isolated in diarrheal stool known to cause extraintestinal which is acquired in hospital setting

V - - Indole ODC Malonate

A

C. freundii

137
Q

formerly _______, case of nursery outbreaks of neonatal meningitis and brain abscesses

+++ Indole ODC Malonate

A

C. diversus/ C. koseri

138
Q

Usually Indole (-)
MR (-), VP (+)
Large amount of gas on TSI
Most grow on Citrate and Potassium Cyanide
None produce H2S
Few hydrolyzes urea

A

KEP CHS

139
Q

Kelbsiella that is indole +

A

K. oxytoca

140
Q

Enterobacter that is K/A + gas

A

E. taylorae

141
Q

Enterobacter that produces yellow pigment at RT

A

E. sakazakii

142
Q

produces rodigiosin

assoc. with pneumonia and septicemia

resist cephalotin and colistin

A

Serratia marsescens

143
Q

ferment arabinose

A

S. liquifanciens

144
Q

produce red pigment

A

S. rubidea

145
Q

Rancid potato like odor

A

S. odorifera

146
Q

Rapid Urease + and PAD +

A

PPM

147
Q

source of wei felix for diagnosis of ricketssia
#2 cause of UTI
swarm on BAP

A

Proteus

148
Q

associated with stone formation

purtid odor in UTI

choco cake burnt cake odor/ burnt gun
powder/ fishy smell

A

proteus

149
Q

proteus that is indole + and R to ampicilin, Cephalosphorin and Chloramphenicol

A

P. vulgaris

150
Q

burned patient and pungent odor

citrate +

A

Providencia

151
Q

Providencia that is urease +

A

P. rettgeri

152
Q

providencia that is variable to urease

A

P. stuartii

153
Q

_____ assoc. with UTI

PPM that is citrate - and LDC -

A

M. morganii, Moragnella

154
Q

CIN is best for isolation but BAP is routinely used

A

Yersinia

155
Q

from pet feces

waterborne gastroenteritis, contaminated milk or pork

bull’s eye appearance

A

Y. enterolitica

156
Q
A

BACTE (2 decks)

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