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micro unit 6 > enteric bacteria 1 > Flashcards

enteric bacteria 1 Flashcards

1
Q

shigella stain and morphology

A

gram negative rod

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2
Q

is shigella lactose fermenting

A

no

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3
Q

is shigella sulfur producing

A

no

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4
Q

is shigella motile

A

no

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5
Q

what kind of metabolism does shigella have

A

facultative

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6
Q

is shigella intracellular or extracellular pathogen

A

intracellular

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7
Q

what is macConkey media

A

it is a selective differential media that selects for gram negative and differentiates between lactose fermenters

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8
Q

what is the infectious dose for shigella

A

very low

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9
Q

can shigella cause bacteremia

A

very rarely in malnourished children

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10
Q

what does shigella cause

A

fecal-oral gastroenteritis

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11
Q

what are the virulence factors for shigella

A

they are plasmid acquired. shiga toxin

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12
Q

what are the complications of shigella infection

A

reiters syndrome (reactive arthritis) and HUS

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13
Q

how does shigella infect>

A

enters through the M cells in peyers patches of the intestine. it exists the other side and is engulfed by macrophages. it causes the macrophage to apoptose, survives and enters the backside of the enterocyte via type three secretion system. it can infect neighboring cells

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14
Q

how do we diagnose shigella

A

on physical fever, dehydration, severe HA, progression from watery diarrhea.

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15
Q

what are the labs for shigella

A

agglutination, methylene blue stain for fecal matter.

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16
Q

what to look for when trying to diagnose HUS

A

look for schistocytes on blood smear, decreased platelets, increased molymorphonuclear leukocytes, increased LDH.

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17
Q

treatment for shigella

A

rehydration, ceftriaxone, fluoroquinolone, azithromycin, cefixime.

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18
Q

treatment for HUS

A

dialysis, supportive care.

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19
Q

prevention of shigella

A

hygiene, water treatment, handwashing

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20
Q

E. coli gram stain and mrophology

A

gram negative and rod

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21
Q

E. coli metabolism

A

facultative,

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22
Q

E. coli lactose fermenting

A

yes

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23
Q

E. coli sulfur

A

no

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24
Q

is E. coli motile

A

can be motile or nonmotile

25
Q

where do we find E. coli

A

normal gut flora

26
Q

what are the virulence factors for E. coli

A

they are plasmid acquired.

27
Q

what is the pathogenesis of E. coli

A

gastroenteritis, bloody gastroenteritis, HUS, UTIs, meningitis, pneumonia

28
Q

how does E. coli cause gastroenteritis

A

bacteria attach via fimbrae to the gut lining, endotoxins force the host gut to release fluids and potassium, there is watery diarrhea.

29
Q

how does E. coli casue bloody diarrhea

A

adheres to gut lining and causes tissue destruction typically by strains carrying the shiga toxin plasmid. including O157:H7. there is also a risk for HUS in pediatrics.

30
Q

who gets E. coli meningitis

A

neonates due to cranial trauma or surgery. there is a high mortality 8%. high morbidity

31
Q

how do we get E. coli pneumonia

A

rare. typically disseminated from the GI or UTI

32
Q

what is the percentage of E. coli HUS complete recovery

A

60%, 30% have major sequelae and 10% have DIC

33
Q

E. coli diagnosis

A

physical. culture. check for HUS (schistocytes, decreased platelets, increased PMN, increased LDH.

34
Q

how do grow E. coli

A

blood agar and differential medium.

35
Q

treatment for E. coli gastroenteritis

A

rehydrate

36
Q

treatment for bloody E. coli gastroenteritis

A

rehydrate (antibiotics are controversial)

37
Q

treatment for HUS E. coli

A

rehydrate, dialysis, supportive care, NO ANTIBIOTICS

38
Q

treatment for E. coli simple UTI

A

sulfa-trimethylprim or ampicillin.

39
Q

treatment for E. coli simple UTI complicated by extension or sepsis

A

cephalosporin (cefotaxime)

40
Q

treatment for E. coli meningitis

A

ampicillin and cefotaxime

41
Q

prevention of E. coli

A

hand-washing, hygienic food delivery chain and home preparation. cranberry juice for UTI. nosocomial: remove catheters, switch IV often

42
Q

where do we usually get S. aureus food borne gastroenteritis from and what is the pathogenesis?

A

protein food group. aureus secretes the toxin into room temperature food and it is later ingested.

43
Q

bacillus cereus food borne illness?

A

causes the same symptoms and by the same mechanism as aureus. associated with rice, but can grow in room temperature foods.

44
Q

what is the onset of aureus and cereus food borne illness?

A

fast. intox takes only hours. much faster than an infectious process.

45
Q

clostridium botulinum intoxication?

A

this is a toxin, not a growth. gastroenteritis and descending flaccid paralysis caused by neurotoxin secreted into airtight foods

46
Q

what is the onset for C botulinum poisoning

A

it is fast, but not as fast as staph

47
Q

what does shiga toxin do

A

inhibits protein synthesis

48
Q

what are shET1 and shET2

A

additional toxins for shigella

49
Q

IcsA virulence

A

shigella. actin-based motility

50
Q

shu and aerobactin?

A

shigella virulence factors for iro binding.

51
Q

IpaB?

A

shigella virulence for macropohage apoptosis

52
Q

what virulence factors does EIEC (e coli) have?

A

same as shigella

53
Q

what virulence factor must the uropathogenic strain of E. coli have

A

P fimbrae

54
Q

salmonella diseases?

A

enterocolitis, enteric fevers, septicemia, reactive arthritis

55
Q

what virulence factors does salmonella have

A

capsule, adherence factors, toxins.

56
Q

is there a vaccine to shigella?

A

no

57
Q

is there a vaccine to E. coli

A

no

58
Q

is there a vaccine to salmonella

A

yes, not commonly used

micro unit 6 (7 decks)

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