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Nutrition > Enteral Formula and ONS > Flashcards

Enteral Formula and ONS Flashcards

1
Q

carbohydrate content may vary from

A

30-90%

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2
Q

common sources of carbohydrates

A

maltodextrin, modified cornstarch, and corn syrup

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3
Q

maltodextrin

A

most complex source; easily digested; low osmotic contribution

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4
Q

modified cornstarch

A

used to reduce osmolality of high osmolar formulations

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5
Q

fat content may vary from

A

1-55%

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6
Q

common sources of fats

A

vegetable oils, long-chain triglycerides, medium-chain triglycerides

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7
Q

examples of vegetable oils

A

corn, canola, soybean, sunflower, and safflower

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8
Q

long-chain triglycerides

A

source of essential fatty acids (linoleic and alpha-linoleic acid)

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9
Q

medium-chain triglycerides

A

most efficient in patients who have pancreatic insufficiency; does not require bile salts or pancreatic lipase for absorption

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10
Q

common sources of proteins

A

polymeric protein sources; oligomeric, semielemental, or peptide formulations; free amino acids, specialty amino acids

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11
Q

polymeric protein examples

A

cow milk protein, whey protein isolates, caseinates, soy protein isolates, milk protein concentrate, and beef

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12
Q

oligomeric, semielemental, or peptide formulations

A

have undergone enzymatic hydrolysis

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13
Q

examples of oligomeric, semielemental, or peptide formulations

A

hydrolyzed casein, whey, lactalbumin, wheat, soy and meat protein

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14
Q

free proteins

A

intended to avoid allergens (usually included in monomeric or elemental formulations)

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15
Q

specialty amino acids

A
  1. branched chain amino acids

2. glutamine, arginine

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16
Q

branched chain amino acids promoted for

A

liver disorder

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17
Q

glutamine, arginine is used for

A

immunomodulating properties in critically ill patients

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18
Q

types of fiber

A

soluble, insoluble, and fructooligosaccharides

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19
Q

most prevalent type of fiber

A

insoluble fiber

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20
Q

insoluble fiber includes

A

polysaccharides

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21
Q

soluble fiber includes

A

gum Arabic, guar gum, and pectin

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22
Q

insoluble fiber uses

A

include constipation prevention, increased stool volume, and decreased GI transit time

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23
Q

soluble fiber uses

A

include improvement of glucose tolerance, reduction of serum cholesterol, and maintenance of colonic mucosal surface

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24
Q

fructooligosaccharides

A

naturally occurring non-digestible sugars

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25
Q

fructooligosaccharides are used by

A

bifidobacteria in the GI tract

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26
Q

fiber-containing formulations can be associated with

A

abdominal distention, gas, cramping, impaction

27
Q

how much water content is in an enteral formula concentration of 1 kcal/mL

28
Q

how much water content is in an enteral formula concentration of 2 kcal/mL

29
Q

categories of EN products

A
  1. polymeric
  2. chemically defined
  3. fiber-containing
  4. peptide-based
  5. disease-specific formulas
30
Q

use of polymeric nutritionally complete TF

A

patients with normal digestive processes and normal organ function

31
Q

examples of polymeric nutritionally complete TF

A

osmolite and isocal

32
Q

polymeric concentrated TF use

A

patients with normal digestive processes who need fluid restriction

33
Q

polymeric concentrated TF examples

A

magnacal and twocal HN

34
Q

polymeric oral supplement use

A

to supplement a patient’s oral diet

35
Q

examples of polymeric oral supplement

A

boost and ensure

36
Q

chemically-defined “elemental” TF uses

A

patients with malabsorption, short bowel, or pancreatic insufficiency

37
Q

elemental examples

A

peptamen and subdue

38
Q

fiber containing TF uses

A

patients with either constipation or diarrhea or long-term tube feeding

39
Q

fiber containing TF examples

A

Jevity and promote w/fiber

40
Q

peptide based TF uses

A

patient with malabsorption

41
Q

examples of peptide based examples

42
Q

acute renal failure without dialysis

A

low protein, low electrolytes

examples: renalcal diet

43
Q

acute renal failure with dialysis

A

more protein, moderate electrolytes

examples: magnacal renal

44
Q

hepatic failure

A

increased branched-chain amino acids, decreased aromatic amino acids

45
Q

hepatic failure

uses of TF

A

liver failure with hepatic encephalopathy

46
Q

hepatic failure TF examples

47
Q

pulmonary failure

A

increased fat, decreased carbohydrates

48
Q

pulmonary failure TF uses

A

patients with chronic CO2 retention

49
Q

examples of pulmonary failure TF

A

respalor, pulmocare

50
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

increased fat, decreased carbohydrate, added soluble fiber

51
Q

DM TF use

A

glucose-intolerant patients

52
Q

DM TF examples

A

Glucerna, Glytrol

53
Q

immunocompromised status

A

enhanced arginine, glutamine, omega-3 fatty acids, nucleotides, beta carotene

54
Q

Immunocompromised status TF use

A

stressed, trauma, burn patients

55
Q

examples of immunocompromised TF

A

impact and crucial

56
Q

stressed states

A

enhanced branched-chain amino acids, increased protein, or both

57
Q

stressed state TF uses

A

stressed patients (burn, trauma, infection)

58
Q

stressed state TF examples

59
Q

2 kinds of modulars

A

beneprotein and juven

60
Q

beneprotein uses

A

used to increase a patient’s protein intake with minimal caloric burden

61
Q

1 scoop of beneprotein =

A

6 gm of protein, 25 kcal

62
Q

juven uses

A

used for wound care (burns/trauma), HIV/AIDS, cancer

63
Q

1 packet of juven =

A

75kcal with 7gm carbohydrates

14gm amino acids (L-arginine, L-glutamine)

64
Q

monitoring guidelines for EN

A
  1. use small-bore feeding tube for nasoenteric feedings and verify placement with abdominal radiograph
  2. initially order accuchecks every 6 hours with sliding scale insulin
  3. always elevate head of bed 30 degrees at all times during feedings
  4. check gastric residuals every 6hrs

Nutrition (2 decks)

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